Italo Calvino :: Essays Papers

Italo Calvino b. Oct. 15, 1923, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba--d. Sept. 19, 1985, Siena,Italy), Italian journalist, short-story writer, and novelist, whose whimsical and imaginative fables made him one of the most important Italian fiction writers in the 20th century. Calvino left Cuba for Italy in his youth. He coupled the Italian Resistance during World War II and after the warfare settled in Turin, obtaining his degree in literature while workings for the Communist periodical LUnit and for the publishing house of Einaudi. From 1959 to 1966 he edited, with Elio Vittorini, the left-wing powder magazine Il Menab di letteratura. Two of Calvinos first fictional works were inspired by his participation in the Italian Resistance the Neorealistic novel Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (1947 The caterpillar track to the Nest of Spiders), which views the Resistance through the experiences of an adolescent as helpless in the midst of events as the adults around him and the collectio n of stories entitled Ultimo viene il corvo (1949 Adam, One Afternoon, and Other Stories). Calvino turned decisively to fantasy and allegory in the 1950s, producing the three fantastic tales that brought him international acclaim. The first of these fantasies, Il Visconte Dimezzato (1952 The Cloven Viscount, in The Nonexistent Knight & the Cloven Viscount), is an allegorical story of a humankind split in two--a good half and an evil half--by a stem shot he becomes whole through his love for a tiddler girl. The second and most highly praised fantasy, Il Barone Rampante (1957 The Baron in the Trees), is a whimsical tale of a 19th-century nobleman who one day decides to mount into the trees and who never sets foot on the ground again. From the trees he does, however, participate to the full in the affairs of his fellow men below. The tale wittily explores the fundamental interaction and tension between reality and imagination. The third fantasy, Il Cavaliere Inesistente (1959 The Nonexistent Knight,in The Nonexistent Knight & the Cloven Viscount), is a mock epic chivalric tale. Among Calvinos later works of fantasy is Le Cosmicomiche (1965 Cosmicomics), a stream-of-consciousness narrative that treats the insertion and evolution of the universe.