Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS or APLS or), often similarly Hughes syndrome, is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antibodies against cell-membrane phospholipids that provokes blood clots (thrombosis) in both(prenominal) arteries and veins as well as pregnancy- tie in complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, pre verge delivery, or severe preeclampsia. The syndrome befalls due to the autoimmune production of antibodies against  cardiolipin (anti-cardiolipin antibodies) and ?2 glycoprotein I. The stipulation primary antiphospholipid syndrome is used when APS occurs in the absence of any new(prenominal) related disease. APS however also occurs in the context of other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (disseminated lupus erythematosus), in which case the term secondary antiphospholipid syndrome is used. In un honey oil cases, APS leads to rapid organ disappointment due to generalize thrombosis; this is termed ruinous antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) and is associated with a high risk of death. In APS patients, the closely common land venous incident is doubtful vein thrombosis of the light extremities (blood clot of the deep veins of the legs) and the most common arterial event is stroke. In pregnant women affected by APS, miscarriage  empennage occur prior to 20 hebdomad of gestation, while  pre-eclampsia is describe to occur after that time.

The antiphospholipid syndrome trusty for most of the miscarriages in later on trimesters seen in concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Risk Factors: ? primordial APS ? transmitted marker HLA-DR7 ? Secondary APS ? SLE or other autoimmune dis identifys ? Genetic markers: HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3 ? Race: Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and native Americans Diagnosis: Antiphospholipid syndrome is tried and authentic for in the laboratory  development both liquid spirit level coagulation assays (lupus anticoagulant) and solid stage ELISA assays (anti-cardiolipin antibodies). Genetic thrombophilia is pot of the differential diagnosis...If you want to attain a full essay, straddle it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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