Disease: Malaria
Cause: 4 species of the protozoan, Plasmodium
Transmission: The Anopheles mosquitoes ar the hosts that transmit the indisposition to humankind during the split-sucking process.
Symptoms: The different stages in the life cycle of the protozoan relieve oneself the different symptoms of the disease:
- When the pathogen first enters the blood, it travels to the LIVER CELLS, where it hides from the immune system. There, it multiplies rapidly, producing haemorrhoid of cells called merozoites
- The merozoites then travel back into the blood, where they infect RED melodic phrase CELLS, again, multiplying asexually producing many cells.
- The merozoites burst out of the red blood cells every 48-72 hours, and as they release toxins in this process, this causes the symptoms.
- The toxins cause hap attacks of shivering, fever, headaches, nausea, sweating and lethargy. The destruction of many red blood cells causes anaemia.
- troops Response: At each stage of the parasites life cycle, it produces a different set of antigens (they stimulate the immune response). The host produces antibodies to stir up the pathogens, but the antigens continually change, so the immune response is non effective. The merozoites in the liver escape detection
Treatment: Natural resistance potful develop, but only very slowly.
Treatment of sufferers includes using anti-malarial drugs such(prenominal) as quinine (effective against parasites in red blood cells), and primaquine phosphate (works in both blood and liver cells). Some strains of plasmodium are resistant however.
Prevention: Protective clothing, insect repellent, mosquito nets.
Control: Aims to keep incidence of disease to a minimum in population. Drugs to destroy vector, and parasite. Destroying vectors habitat. Vaccines against plasmodium. Genetic engineering of mosquitoes to resist parasite.
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