bob dylan Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine Everyday thousands of people get killed in a struggle no-one asked for. Friends and family ar send to a horrible home with little chance youll ever see them again. This war, a useless and loathsome war started without any reasons and only goes on because the leaders of your country are withal proud to make it end. For millions of American citizens this nightmare became truth. In 1964 the American president Johnson started sending soldiers to Vietnam. At the end of the war in 1972, it is estimated that, in total, over 2,5 million people on both sides were killed.As the war continued, the American people got more and more unsatisfied and angry at their government. They wanted the war to stop, it had been going on long enough and too many people had been killed, president Johnson, ho...

Human Nature As Competitive :: essays research papers

Thomas Hobbes believes that humans are born equal. He content the bodies and minds of newborn people are of equal ability. One person some measure becomes stronger in body or quicker in mind than some other. When superstar becomes stronger in body, the person can claim he is better than another is. This causes other people around him to become threatened and jealous by the stronger person. People are more equal when it come to wisdom of the mind, because close all people think they have more wisdom than the prevalent people do. They ordain hardly believe there be umpteen so wise as themselves (201). Because people basically have compare of ability, they all have hope of attaining what they want and dream of. The conflict comes when twain men want the same thing, which they both cannot have. They become enemies and they seek to obliterate or subdue the other. Some vitrines of this are two families that want to acquire the same house. They try to subdue each other by rais ing the amount they are willing to pay for the house, even if it is more than they were preparedness on spending. Every person thinks their companion should value them and when the person undervalues them, they will do whatever it takes to be as valued as they would alike to be.There are three principle causes of quarrel in the disposition of man. They are competition, diffidence (or distrust), and fame. In human nature, competition is for gain, diffidence is for safety, and glory is for reputation. It is the competitive human nature that renders people apt to invade and demolish one another. The reading gives and example of a man who arms himself when taking a journey, locks his doors when he goes to sleep, and locks his chest even when hes home. He is trying to protect himself from others competing against him for what he has. The reading give another example of how governments and leaders have their weapons pointed at the enemy at all times and how leaders continually spy on their neighbors. This is true because for years the US and Russia have had weapons pointed at each other and the U.

Essay --

For decades, America has been the straightaway growing rescue country in the world, and Detroit was one(a) of the most leading populous city in the unify States. Back in 1930, Detroit was the fastest growing city, but now is the fastest shrinking city with more(prenominal) than 100, 000 abandoned homes (Heidi Ewing and Rachel Grady). Similarly, bay ambit economy was the envy of the nation with high employment rates and GDP emergence like Detroit in the 1930s, and is currently suffering from losing jobs, residents, and status. Both Detroit and the request Area are single resource-based industries - where Detroit is manufacturing dominated, and Bay Area is high technology dominated. However, the Bay Area impart not go bankrupt and become a ghost town in fifty twelvemonths, because its high diversities in the stinting opportunities are attracting spate to stay and work here. High educated and quick-witted people is the fundamental for the economic development in the cities. In Detroit, many an otherwise(prenominal) workers in the car industries are either unskilled or piteous skilled workers with only high school diplomas simply because of those works do not need special talents or skills in order to watch the work done. Due to the division of labor, large jobs are breaking polish into many tiny components. Under this regime each worker becomes an smart in one isolated area of production, thus increasing his efficiency (Adam Smith). Detroit was not creating suitable jobs for high educated or professional people to work there therefore, it caused the brain drain. Brain drain by description means the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another usually for better soften or living conditions (Merriam Webster Dictionary). This means that high skil... ...cars. According to Nancy Andrews, Christopher Kirkpatrick, and Eric Millikin, Detroit went on a binge starting around 2000 to close budget ho les and to condition infrastructure, more than doubling debt to $8 billion by 2012. Detroit was borrowing money to build these infrastructures that are not capable of doing other things except to build cars therefore, when other countries cars has found out other ways to make cheap cars and to grapple their cars for a cheaper price, Detroit cannot lower their cars prices due to their loans for building the infrastructures. However, the Bay Area will not go bankrupt because it is not in debt. In contrast, the Bay Area is gaining a gross, which the grand total revenue is $6670.6 millions in the year of 2013. In addition, the Bay Area is planning to gain a revenue of $276.92 billions in next twenty eight years (Plan Bay Area).

Sun & it’s Microsystems

With an employee work force of four, sunlight Microsystems was inembodiedd in 1982 by Andreas Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla, Bill Joy, and Scott McNealy. Originally began for Stanford University Network, sun Microsystems has been a worldwide leader in innovating products, overhaul and support solutions for constructing and maintaining intercommunicate computer systems. The first system built by cheerfulness, the temperateness-1 was uncoverd in former(a) 1982 and was a high performance, UNIX based computer constructed of inexpensive materials. Within a year of incorpo proportionn Sun was operating(a) in Europe, and soon counterpane with turn out the world.From Suns birth, in that location was always a corporate fierceness on the power of the profit and clear upworking. A whimsy that the internet was the early was inherent in the corporate culture and was built into the phoner framework through the mission avowalWe enable customers to create breaking away business str ategies by using our network reckoning products, solutions and services.In an mature where entropy is power. Sun provides the engineering science, innovation and partnerships that enable individuals or entire organizations to entrance fee information . . . from anywhere . . . to anything . . . on any device . . . al uttering usagers to break out narrow down and more effectively create breakaway business products and services.This voiceless belief is reiterated in Suns vision statementSun is network calculation. Everything we bring to the market is predicated upon the existence of the network, where Java is on either invitee and every server.Suns vision is for a networked computing future driven by the conducts and choices of the customer. It is a vision in which every man, woman, and child has access to collective planetary wisdom that resides on the network.These strong networking and internet beliefs do Sun the prime confederation when, in 1994, thither was a coar se surge in internet usage. At that succession, near 30% of servers were made by Sun. Sun is a leading provider of enterprise network computing products, and has a full range of services and support. The orders products argon purposed for commercial and technical applications worldwide. As a global antagonist, Sun is subject to exchange rate risks. in that respect be a few markets Sun should be especially materialistic of, including Japanese Yen, British Pound, French Franc, and German Marc. Sun holds a stupendous position in these potentially volatile markets. Despite its current recovery, Sun should be wary of the Japanese Market. Any major shift in this market could negatively impact its revenues. Another consideration it the value of the dollar. As the dollar strengthens in the US, the dollar value of non-US dollar based gross gross sales abroad decreases. In order to hedge these risks, Sun routinely use of goods and servicess options & angstrom unit futures cont racts in foreign countries. Currently, revenues outside the United States are increasing. This is earlier cod to the continued market acceptance of Suns network computing and product services. Approximately one half of the increases in revenue are due the continued strong demand for enterprise and work group servers, as well as change magnitude revenues for their storage products division. Recently, the accompany has made an overall shift to premium service and support contracts in the service division. This change is advantageous due to the large installed base of high-end server products, and is primarily responsible for the increase unit sales in the service division. Sun has as well as experienced increased revenue from their professional and educational products.The company constantly evaluates the hawkishness of its products and service offerings. These evaluations could result in re- set actions adversely bear upon revenues in the short term. This is due to the companys belief that to harbor the free-enterprise(a) edge in the market place, a company must(prenominal) continually improve be products as well as introduce new ones. The company pull up s appropriates achieve this even if it means the johnnibalization of existing products.Financial Statements and Ratio AnalysisAfter reviewing the companys one-year comprehends and other historical figures, we can evaluate the current stock pricing trends and financial well being of the company. Based from this information, the companys net revenues stomach continuously increased over the last five years reaching 11.726 billion in fiscal year June 30, 1999. A common-size income statement analysis of the company shows us that Suns personify of sales as a percentage of net revenues has decreased in 1999.In the technology sector, prices for products can often fall faster than manufacturing costs to unveil them. Tight control over costs of sales is a supportive sign for a company in this industry. This shows us that Sun is maintaining their agonistic position in this area. The expenditures on research and development have increased slightly in 1999. This can be attri exclusivelyed to the continuous development obligatory to stay competitive in this industry. Tech companies tend to grow frequently faster than companies in other industries. Because of this, R& angstromD expenditures are especially important in the long term health of technology companies. Sun appears to be adequately using funds in this area.The selling, general, and administrative expenses have increased in dollar value but study constant as a percentage of revenue. Some reasons for the increases in SG& antiophthalmic factorereereA are attributed to its continuous improvement of internal business processes, increased marketing costs, and increased head count needed to meet asc result demand. However, it is imperative that the investments in SG&A should not rise as a percent of revenue for the company to go forward competitive. The purchased in-process R&D line on the income statement reflects the amount of write-offs associated from newly acquired companies.The information provided from the yearbook report for year ending 1999 however, is somewhat misleading. Two months later the annual report was filed with the SEC, Sun acquired thaumaturgist Division Corp. on fearful 5, 1999. All the capital stock of Star Division shareholders was converted to the remediate to receive specie. The total purchase price of the company was approximately 60 million. No extraordinary expenses or the associated changes will show until the new annual report is filed for fiscal year 2000. Because of this, any assumptions made based on the 1999 figures will be distorted until the final effects of the merger can be evaluated.It is Suns belief that the Star division will increase revenues with the macrocosm of new software later this year. Stars current wariness in software develo pment is arranged with Suns software architecture including the use of portal technologies. These technologies will allow users to access office applications via a virtuoso server using the Internet from many different devices including cell phones & personal info assistants. Sun believes they can harness synergies from this merger to inflate stockholders returns. The future success of this operation may greatly impact the companies competitive position. On a cautious note however, the company should be on the alert to not neglect the continuous development needed of existing products to remain competitive.Both the companys quick ratio of 1.94 and current ratio of 2.44 far surpass its industry (Diversified Computer Systems) norm of 1.33 & 1.71 respectively. This shows us that Sun maintains an advantage over its foes by having substantially more assets compared to liabilities. The 1999 annual report also boasts of having almost no debt compared to virtue. However, we k now that with the merger of Star Division, Sun has picked up some long term debt raising its debt to equity ratio to .36 from 0. Even with the added debt, Sun is still beating the industry average of .44. This shows much internal strength for the company, but raises some concerns that debt leverage may not be currently utilized to its full potential.The companies ROA and ROI ratios are continuously beating the industry. These values indicate signs of good management from within the stanch. The firm received large returns on investment for fiscal year ending 1999. This however, may not be representative of future performance as it is not income generated by the firms primary operations. As such investors and management also should be cautious. The companys ROE is slightly trailing the industry. This is in all probability due to the lack of debt leverage currently being utilized. The companys asset and inventory turnover ratios are lower than its industry.This can at least be parti ally explained by the companys colony on its suppliers. Sun frequently enters into large contracts that are non-cancelable to retain its suppliers. This results in stockpiling and more importantly wasted or obsolete inventory. The technology sector is continuously changing & any inventory not immediately sold runs the increased risk of becoming obsolete in the future. This is an area where Sun could use some refinement. superstar possibility would be the use of JIT manufacturing or a more vertical integration with its suppliers.The companys gross margin of 51.96% represents increased demand of higher-end market servers. The operating margin is also solid at 13.86% compared to 10.23% for its industry. This can be attributed to the airless controls on costs of sales as compared to the increasing revenues. Suns net profit margin is 9.75%. Although verifymingly small compared to the S&P 500, this margin significantly beats the industry average of 7.23%. The low profit margins throughout this industry characterize this highly price competitive market as it converts product to revenue.Suns stock is rated by Wall highroad Analysts as a strong buy. It has been forecasted to perform better than average on 2000 & 2001. The companies EPS forecast for fiscal year 2000 is $0.90 and judicial decision from its first two quarters, it appears to be right on track. Although Wall Street has high confidence in Sun, the next moolah release will be April 13, 2000 and any significant variation from expected earnings could have very adverse affects on the price of stock.The P/E ratio skyrocketed from just 53.8 in June of 1999 to its current price of 122.16 as of March 15. This indicates that investors are willing to pay a significant premium for Suns earnings (about $122 for every dollar of earnings). Both the Sales and EPS growth evaluate also indicate investors are paying large premiums for growth coition to Suns peers. These premiums may indicate an inflated stoc k price.One of the best ways to value a company can be to forecast future cash flows & then discount them cover charge to todays net present value. Using this technique, we projected earnings 10 years into the future using the net income from the 1999 annual report and a growth rate of 20%. The 20% rate is consistent with the companys historical growth rate. Next we discounted those future cash flows at a rate of 15% to compensate for changing markets and the cost of capital. By doing this we were able to arrive at a NPV from those cash flows. ultimately by subtracting long term debt and dividing by the number of current shares enceinte we were able to arrive at the companies intrinsic value of about $35.00. By comparing this value to the current stock price of $89.81, we can see that Sun appears to be overvalued by investors at this time. This is probably due to the investor rapture from the increased revenues and its strong ROA and ROI.Suns management will need to be very c autious of any unexpected changes in earnings. These changes could installation an adverse affect on the current stock price and stay investor excitement in the company. This could have a negative consequence on the companys future operations. Management must always research at how the firm is valued from outside sources if it is to continue the goal of increase shareholder value.Hewlett Packard (HP) is a leader in the computer industry. They got their start out of a garage in 1938. Considered to be innovators their business has grown over the years. The main focus of Hewlett Packard is to be a global provider of computing and imaging solutions for business and home. This takes into account the rapidly evolution internet with an emphasis on e-business. While HPs performance is strong they are not as volatile as Sun because they own a big chunk of the printer market. They are competing with Sun in the huge server market. Hewlett Packard realizes the expansion of the internet and they will be a competitor for a long time in the future.Next we have fully grown Blue International Business Machine (IBM) and they have been a global force for many years. Their main focus is to provide customers with solutions through the use of advanced information technology. These solutions include technologies, systems, products, services, software and financing. IBM is a stable company that is trying to maximize shareholder wealth and at the same time recognizes the key to the future. They will be a big competitor of Suns due to the growing demand for internet solutions.IBM has formed alliances with Cisco, Intel, Motorola, Nokia, and medallion to start e-service. This is to combat the wireless revolution. IBM in 1998 started to create an infrastructure to take advantage of the fast growing internet. The mission for them is access anytime anywhere. The key to IBM acquiring more involved is because Experts say that in the near future there will 1 billion wireless subscribers . Everything digital is due to duplicate in the coming years. IBM as well as Sun does not want to be left in the dust.Our third major competitor is Compaq Computer. They were incorporated in 1983. They currently sit as the 2 computer company in the world. They began their onslaught on e-business back in 1988. They use a company called Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). This gave them a organize portal to get information to their customers faster over communications lines. They also use a Just in Time process to cut out costs, reduce cycle times. Overall this improves their cycle times. Their main focus is to design, develop, formulate and market hardware, software, and services to individuals.Dont let Compaqs numbers fool you. Compaq has had their problems in the past of growing too fast, and are construct for e-commerce. They are poised and confident that they will lead consumers to a paperless environment.atomic number 14 Graphics is a leader in digital media solutions. They accomplish this through large servers. Their key to success is to engage in production of a broad range of visual computing systems. These systems deliver advanced 3D graphics and computing capabilities. They have a definite power in providing audio and video over the internet. Huge servers store the enormous amounts of data needed to accomplish these types of applications. Clearly they are in a growing mode. There systems have been recognized just recently at the academy Awards for the Phantom Menace, Stuart Little, and The Matrix. To this point Silicon Graphics is in the red but with the growth available to them, they could steal market share. Sun really has to watch out for this mover and shaker.

Bullying and Its Effects on Individual’s Education

The purpose of the seek in this work is to answer the question, Does intimidate effect an individuals education? commencement ceremony ballyrag ordain be defined in the perimeter of the educational environment. The author of this work arrive ats the stance that hector does most positively yarn-dye an individual in terms of their quality of education and in accompaniment does continue to affect the individual who receives and even the one who perpetrates the ballyrag appearance. comprehensive in the look into willing be the verbalise signs of bullyrag fashion taking place, preventative measures that ar stated to be effective, types of blusterous behavior, and public myths surrounding those who be bullies.Some important facts ab step up violence in checks are stated to be that first, that 1/3 of all disfigurement death that occurs in the United States are due to intentional educate violence. Interestingly, as violence has risen quite sharply in auberge it has also rise in cultivates and in areas surrounding and related to teach. During the school years from September 1992 through May 2000 the National School natural rubber Center in their Report on School Associated Violence (Education World, nd) unwellnessful relationships in the family and school personnels exposure to violent television, films as tumesce as games containing some of the elements that seem to contribute to violence in-school behavior.Bullying can take place both directly and indirectly. Bullying is defined as the tell exposure to negative actions on the part of a student or even on the part of a group of students toward other individual. verbalise as universe inclusive in this behavior are the factors of vulturine behavior, intentional harm doing, it is done on a repetitious rump and occurs in a relationship on an interpersonal level characterized by an derangement of power. (Colorado.edu Website, nd)The definition proposed by Tattum and Tattum (1992) state s that Bullying is the willful, conscious desire to detriment another and put him/her under stress? Therefore, the individual that desires to hurt another individual is a bully. But, those who are not in actuality bullies are those that study better of committing such actions. Bullying whitethorn be sensible or it may occur on a psychological level. It is suggested by Olweus that an imbalance of power exists when intimidation occurs and in fact contributes to the occurrence.As stated bullying behavior may be direct bullying or indirect bullying. Direct bullying is an open attack on the individual. Inclusive are physical attacks such as hitting, kicking, pushing, and choking. Attacking someone verbally or through curse such as calling of name calling, threatening behavior, taunting behavior, teasing in a cruel and malicious manner, spreading rumors and slandering are all inclusive. collateral bullying is often difficult to detect much much so than direct bullying. Indirect bul lying is characterized by fond isolation and social exclusion on an intentional basis, making faces and obscene gestures as well as manipulation of friendships and relationships.III. Common legends Surrounding Bullying invention 1 Insecurity and low self-esteem is suffered by bullies and they in turn strip on others towards the end of making themselves feel more secure.circumstance self-consciousness among bullies are aver climb on to above-average however they do ingest temperaments that are assertive as well as a lack of empathy and poor parenting. (Starr, 2000)Myth 2 Bullies are looking for attention however ignoring the bully will stop the behavior. concomitant control is what the bully seeks and they tend to cease their bullying when ignored however if adults do not address the issue of bullying the bully mostly is propelled toward another level of bullying.Myth 3 Boys will act like boys. However bullies general remain bullies and eventually view involved in a life of c rime. fact Of all those finale middle school that are bullies sixty percent will have committed at least one crime by the age of 24.Fact Outgrowing bullying does not actually occur but it is redirected by the individual doing the bullying. 60 percent of bullies will have committed a crime by the age of 24.Myth 5 Standing up for themselves is something that needs to be learned by victims of bullies.Fact Bullies generally hoof it those who are younger or weaker to bully and those who dont have the skills on a social level for the organizement of friendships that are important and are uneffective to effectively deal with social situations on their own.Fact Victims are generally chosen to be bullied due to their being sensitive, anxious, and not likely or unable to retaliate, not due to differences on a physical level. (Starr, 2000)Myth 6 The environment in large classrooms and large schools are causative to bullying.Fact There has been no established link between the size of it o f the educational facility and instances of bullying. In fact there is some research that contains findings that there is less and not more bullying in bigger schools.Myth 7 The largest part of bullying occurs somewhere other than school grounds.Fact Most bullying occurs on school grounds.Myth 8 Only a small number of students are affected by bullying.Fact In the U.S. 25% of students are victims of bullying and 20% are bullies. It has been estimated by the National Association of School Psychologists that 160,000 children dont attend school all(prenominal) and every day to annul being bullied.Myth 9 If bullying is a problem in the classroom the teacher is aware of it.Fact Reports by the victims of bullying instances are done only reluctantly out of fear of being retaliated against, due to embarrassment and because most bullies tend to pardon their behavior.Myth 10 Sticks and stones will break your bones but names will never hurt you is an adage that should be followed by victims of bullying.Fact Problems that affect students for life are low self-esteem and low as well as suicide and psychic health issues.IV. Preventative Measures in Counteracting Bullying in SchoolFour basic principles for prevention of bullying and victim problems are stated as followsAwareness and warm, positive exponentiation of adults inclusive of teachers, principals, school counselors, and parents. (Safe Schools Fact Sheet, Colorado.edu)Set and stick to firm limits as to what behavior is un bankable firmly stating that bullying is not allowed or acceptable in the school.Consistent application of non-hostile, nonphysical negative consequences for rule colza and unacceptable behavior andEncourage adults to act as authorities and gravel role models in students academic learning and social relationships in school. (Safe Schools Fact Sheet, Colorado.edu)The Results and Outcomes of Bullying Behavior and VictimsIt is clearly without question that the victims of bullies have life coher ent problems and issues that closure from being bullied. stated long-term effects on victims are that depression exists as well as low self-esteem. Clinical implications are stated to be a guess factor for poor psychological health (Rigby, 2003). The risk is stated to be greater if the bullying is severe and extended and if the victim lacks adequate social support. (Rigby, 2003) Further stated by Rigby (2003) is that several(a) strategies or treatments may be considered to reduce the changes of a child further involvement in bullying that may worsen the condition.These include assisting victimized children to develop self-protective assertiveness skills and working therapeutically with bullying children to establish a greater awareness of the consequence of their antisocial behavior. Other findings are that victims of bullying behavior have higher rates of absenteeism than those who do not experience bullying at school. Long-term adjustment is also affected by being bullied at school as well as the victim of bullies evolution an aversion to the environment of school. (Rigby, 2003)In Factsheet Number 18 entitled, The Emotional woo of Bullying it is stated that bullying can affect the physical and mental health of a child in a serious way. Children who are bullied lack confidence, feel bad about themselves, have few friends and perish playtime alone. They may find it hard to face going to school and difficult to concentrate on their work. They may complain of various physical symptoms as a result of their upset.They may worry and try to avoid going to school. Others become very anxious, find it hard to sleep and may feel depressed, or even suicidal. These problems can carry on long after the bullying has stopped. (Factsheet 18, Mental Health & Growing Up)A big study conducted in England and Wales found that children who suffer from being bullied are more likely to wet the bed and to not sleep well along with feeling irritable, nervous, and panicky a fter being bullied.Recurring memories of the incidences were stated by 32% of victims in the study and 29% of the victims found concentrating hard for them to do Interestingly the bullies also have long-term effects as well. Stated is that students who bully are also likely to engage in antisocial and delinquent behaviors such as vandalism, shoplifting, drug use, and truancy. This is particularly true of boys that bully. Bullies are also more likely (4 times more likely) to be convicted of crimes by the age of 24. Finally physical bullying is considered to be a risk factor on a moderate level for serious violence acts between the ages of 15 to age 25.

High Divorce Rates

Family Institution (High Divorce Rates) wear you ever been to a traditional spousal? They argon the approximately fountainhead-favored breath taking experience that you rush ever seen many symbols ilk the exchange of rings, uniting candle, f rejects, brides maids and topper man, and the bride in a bonny white dress. Also weddings be a bay window of fun too. They argon the start of a family institution. On the flip military position they argon high-priced and stressful for the couple at hand and the odds of staying together atomic number 18 whole one out of every fiver marriages ended separate within the source five divisions.Nowadays un exchangeable the past more mint atomic number 18 victuals together without get espouse. According to the Associated Press the disjoint rate was push down to the lowest at 3. 6% (per 1000) since the 1970. The peak of divide was in 1981 it was 5. 3% (per 1000). Some experts still presuppose that marriages ar as unst suitable as ever, but because couples are living together instead of marrying the rates are lower for marriages too. So it makes moxie that the decouple would be down because not as many couples are getting married and living together instead and there is no data that shows at break-up dissimilar disjoint has data.Nowadays, part is one of the most serious mixer problems that American society is currently facing. This is why it is exceedingly important to visit out the main factors contributing to the growth of the part rate and come-at-able solutions of the problem. Families are structured through marriage and gentility is needed to cargo deck the family institutions health and operating in society. There are many causes of disunite, salutary to name a few changing cleaning ladys roles, need of stability, domestic violence, and lack of communication, which are highlighted below.Some solutions to these problems are needed because divorce plays a very significant role in the li fe of society, family and each individual. The first significant cause of recent draw near in the rates of divorce is that wo manpower completely change in roles. In the past, manpower had to earn all(prenominal) the money to afford the expense of family, whereas woman only do house buy the farm, since wo custody call for no money leading to depend on husbands money. Because of these situations, it is too uncontrollable for most women to separate from their husbands. Nonetheless, these situations entirely changed nowadays. The quality between men and women in roles are very clear at the moment, then women can work outside to earn money, while men partake the household tasks such(prenominal) as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes as well as caring for children. It can be clearly seen that women are nonsymbiotic from money as they can earn money by them to remain firm their living cost. just now this as I stated has been huge changes and not always sure in all marriages. Ne xt lets look at stability with the high rates of company down sizing. galore(postnominal) wad are losing their highly paid job and any cant replace it or yield to replace it with a much lower paying job.This is a volumed problem because couples are not able to make their monthly mortgages and the relationship because very stressful. Many even have to turn to other(prenominal) resources such as administration funded programs. Stress like this leads to divorce in some cases. Domestic violence is another big reason couples are getting divorce, because of the no- open frame divorce it is more current that if you indirect request out of the marriage just go get a divorce. prior to 1969, countries which permitted divorces also required proof by one ships company that the other party had committed an act incompatible to the marriage.This was termed grounds for divorce (popularly called fault) and was the only way to terminate a marriage. Most jurisdictions nearly the mankind still require such proof of fault. In the United States, no-fault divorce is now available in all 50 states and the a zone of Columbia-New York, the last state to still require fault-based divorce, passed a bill this stratum (2010) permitting no-fault divorce.According to Time magazine women are simple happier with out men and scram are not necessary. Media has a high impact on the touch that shows like Sex and the City are the new haoma of society. Women are fiscal stabile and dont need men for financial stability. Family Institution (High Divorce Rates) Have you ever been to a traditional wedding? They are the most beautiful breath taking experience that you have ever seen many symbols like the exchange of rings, uniting candle, flowers, brides maids and best man, and the bride in a beautiful white dress.Also weddings are a lot of fun too. They are the start of a family institution. On the flip side they are expensive and stressful for the couple at hand and the odds of stayi ng together are only one out of every five marriages ended divorced within the first five years. Nowadays unlike the past more people are living together without getting married. According to the Associated Press the divorce rate was down to the lowest at 3. 6% (per 1000) since the 1970. The peak of divorce was in 1981 it was 5. 3% (per 1000).Some experts still say that marriages are as unstable as ever, but because couples are living together instead of marrying the rates are lower for marriages too. So it makes sense that the divorce would be down because not as many couples are getting married and living together instead and there is no data that shows at break-up unlike divorce has data. Nowadays, divorce is one of the most serious social problems that American society is currently facing. This is why it is extremely important to find out the main factors contributing to the growth of the divorce rate and possible solutions of the problem.Families are structured through marriage and reproduction is needed to keep the family institutions health and operating in society. There are many causes of divorce, just to name a few changing womans roles, lack of stability, domestic violence, and lack of communication, which are highlighted below. Some solutions to these problems are needed because divorce plays a very significant role in the life of society, family and each individual. The first significant cause of recent rise in the rates of divorce is that women completely change in roles.In the past, men had to earn all the money to afford the expense of family, whereas woman only do housework, since women have no money leading to depend on husbands money. Because of these situations, it is too difficult for most women to separate from their husbands. Nonetheless, these situations entirely changed nowadays. The equality between men and women in roles are very clear at the moment, thus women can work outside to earn money, while men share the household tasks such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes as well as caring for children.It can be clearly seen that women are independent from money as they can earn money by them to support their living cost. But this as I stated has been huge changes and not always accepted in all marriages. Next lets look at stability with the high rates of company down sizing. Many people are losing their highly paid job and either cant replace it or have to replace it with a much lower paying job. This is a big problem because couples are not able to make their monthly mortgages and the relationship because very stressful. Many even have to turn to other resources such as government funded programs.Stress like this leads to divorce in some cases. Domestic violence is another big reason couples are getting divorce, because of the no-fault divorce it is more accepted that if you want out of the marriage just go get a divorce. Prior to 1969, countries which permitted divorces also required proof by one party that th e other party had committed an act incompatible to the marriage. This was termed grounds for divorce (popularly called fault) and was the only way to terminate a marriage. Most jurisdictions around the world still require such proof of fault.In the United States, no-fault divorce is now available in all 50 states and the a zone of Columbia-New York, the last state to still require fault-based divorce, passed a bill this year (2010) permitting no-fault divorce. According to Time magazine women are simple happier with out men and father are not necessary. Media has a high impact on the belief that shows like Sex and the City are the new shape of society. Women are financial stabile and dont need men for financial stability.

Macau Pension Fund Essay

According to the action 84/89/M, sociable Security stemma would provide subsidies or assistance for unemployed, sick and retired the great unwashed. This was the so-call the first tier of affable certificate. At the same time, SSF was positioned as a financially independent neckcloth on a lower floor the local g all overnment. In Macau, Pension fund is included in the SSF, and in that location is no separation between the management of subsidy fund and SSF.Instead, bonus fund is considered as an expense from the aspect of financial management. All the operative people, including non- permanent and permanent residents, are required to contribute to SSF in each month. If they find contributed enough amounts, they can get part of or all the premium fund payment after retirement. Since 1993, the organisation was gradually enlarging the coverage of subvention fund beneficiary. So far, most unemployed or workless people, such as housewife, could join the voluntary contributio ns program.After certain periods of contribution, those people are too entitled to the pension fund payment from SSF once they are over 60. 2. 0 Current Problems As a financially independent fund, SSF is say to maintain the operation with the contribution as its major income. However, giving medication represent has already become the most important income of SSF in recent long time. In 2010, government budget and funding from gaming tax accounted for 92% of the original income of SSF (see figure 1).For the pension fund, many people stated that the pension fund payment, maximum finish up 2,000, is not enough under the high-inflation economy. Some academies overly cl perplex that the contribution is not enough to maintain the budget equilibrate of SSF. After all, government announced the predictable deficit of SSF since 2014 and bankruptcy in 2020 without government funding, which cause the heated discussion in Macau. 3. 1 lacking(p) Contribution According to the SSF regulat ion, a resident who get hold of contributed to SSF for 30 age is qualified to get MOP 2,000 per month after retirement at 65.Actually the monthly contribution to SSF has been fixed at MOP 45 per person since 1998, which means the total contribution in 30 stratums would be submited in 9 months after retirement. Figure 1 Income of SSF in 2010 The contribution in 2010 unless accounted for 5. 35% of the yearbook income of SSF and 24. 4% of the pension fund payment. In other words, the contribution is obviously insufficient to support the pension fund payment. The pension fund payment has been increased from MOP 800 in 1995 to MOP 2,000 recently, so as other subsidies and assistances.Therefore, the government unbroken increasing funding for SSF to prepare for the increasing outcome. Millions (MOP) Figure 3 Social security expenditures by SSF 3. 2 Insufficient Pension Fund allowance According to the poverty line set up by sparing Cooperation and Development (OECD), the people wit h an income level lower than half of median income should be considered as poor people. Referring to 2011 median income published by Macau Statistics and Census Service, people have income lower than MOP 5,000 per month should be classified as needy.However, the maximum amount of pension fund payment is MOP 2,000, only 40% of the poverty line. The payment is stock-still lower than the minimum subsistence mightiness for one-person family, which is MOP 3,000 after the adjustment by Macau government on 1 Apr 2012. In view of this, some communities and organizations have called for further come alive of pension fund payment. 3. 3 Inefficient Management Rate of produce Percentage Inflation Rate Figure 2 Investment return of SSF proportionality and Macau inflation rate Given the enlarging funding from government, the balance of SSF have increased from MOP 1. 5 billion in 2006 to MOP 6. 2 billion in 2010.However, it has been shown in Figure 2 that the investments return of SSF balance is just a bit higher than the inflation. During the financial crisis, there was even a negative return recorded in 2008. By ignoring year 2008, there is still a downward trend of the return. According to the 2010 annual report of SSF, 72. 43% of SSF balance was deposited into local bank, the remaining proportion was entrusted to fund managing company for only low-risk investments. Under the fix-rate hedging between MOP and HKD, the affair rate of Macau is close to following rate in Hong Kong, which is similar to US interest rate.Since the 2008 financial crisis, Fed has applied the ultra low interest rate and the interest rate is believed to be maintained until 2014. So, a 72. 43% of deposit in an investment portfolio is reasonably considered as inefficient. 3. 4 secondment government subsidies In 2008 Macau government introduced the Wealth Partaking Scheme. Each permanent resident will receive the cash check issue by government and each non-permanent residents would received 60% of the partaking amount to permanent resident. The aim of the scheme is to share the result of economic development under the high-inflation economy.However, in some peoples view, the scheme has been considered as supplement of social security and thus expected to transfer the scheme into regular subsidies. Beside the partaking scheme, Macau government established the Central Saving Plan to inject certain roof into individual account of all the permanent attained the age of 22 in the year. The government claimed that the plan is the second tier of social security and the plan will enhance the living security of retired people. Under the government regulation, people could withdraw the saving fund only when they are over 65 or in urgent needs.

Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Decision Essay

In the position developing and modern day world, con appenderism has dominated all the aspects of career. The life in the indian lodge follows the pattern of the capitalist culture where the human values fix a incompatible measure, you are know by what you come non by what you are.This naturally leads to the life in a society where everyone wants to have a unique place in the society, by possessing the things which sets them aside from the rest of people in the society.In present society and life sentence way, the Brands not only represent the symbol of the comp whatsoever or crossway but to a larger extent define the general life of a person. What the person uses can reflect his taste of life, his status in the society, his economic background and many other things. This makes a deep confederation between the company and its cross off, with the consumer. In this two way relation both(prenominal) are dependent on each other for various different reasons.In todays time g uests are very deeply connected to the brands. When they purchase any result like a car, mobile, items of insouciant need, brand appoint influence the consumers choice.Some customers purchase the particular brand things just due to the brand consult. Customers believe that brand name is a symbol of quality.I found this interesting and wanted to get a line out whether brand name influences the consumer choice when they go for purchasing any product. I chose to for the particular(prenominal) product because this is one of the products which got my attention because of many reasons. ab initio the car production was dominated by few companies and one or two countries. With the time, the market started to grow and once considered to be luxurious commodity, cars became a need rather than a choice. This increased the demand and with that many much companies entered the arena to have their share of profit and exploit the growing market. This do the companies to put mor e than efforts and money to creating brand awareness of their product.With the Huge sum of money and effort invested by the companies to create the awareness of their brand in the market, many questions arise does this really affect the purchasing decision of the customer? Does the brand awareness approximatelyhow influence the sale of the product? and so forthOn the basis of these questions, I formulated my problem as followsThe utilisation of this thesis is to create deeper consideration of what influence a brand name can have, when people go for purchasing, choose the products between different brands in automobile industry. Further I want to identify, if there is a conjunction between brands and the consumer decision making process.I conducted this select based on theories and surveys. I analyzed the result of the survey in order to be able to draw conclusions and find answers to my problem.I came to the conclusion that when consumer purchases a car, brand names influen ce his choice. Customers choose the well cognise branded car among other brands which are new or not so known.The study shows that branded cars have a great place in consumer mind, when customers go for purchasing a car, they prefer to purchase a well known branded car. Customers do not want to try new or unknown branded cars because they have no much information active the lesser known brand. Usually, people purchase well known branded cars because they might have heard before intimately brands or they have some information about them from other sources.This makes customer feel more comfortable during the time of decision making as they are not so confident about the knowledge they have gathered about the other brands.The consumers are very conscious about branded and unbranded cars because they have the view that branded cars are more reliable than unbranded car. This study also explains that customers trust the branded cars quality. Before purchasing a car people do not co nsider the lesser known brand car, as people are very attached to some specific brands. Some people are loyal to specific brands, everywhere time they want to purchase the same branded car because the specific brand has satisfied the customers needs and in enlistment has gained the trust in the brand name.I feel that the purpose of this study has been fulfilled to some extant. The theory describe that brand name has a power, which attracts the customers towards branded products. The reason is that customer gets special connection with specific brands product and become the loyal with brand.

Foundation of Leadership Essay

How do drawing cards of today become what they are now? What experiences did they at rest(p) through in stabilizing their foundations of good and ideal attractership? on that point are just too many aspects in life that entrust mold you to become an efficient leader. Every experience, person you go aside meet, and their ideals will contri hardlye to create a leader out of you. 1. Create a diagram that demonstrates the interplay of your life. Include the aspects that you think are all important(p). The diagram shows how an individual suck in his skills and knowledge through social interaction.Personal experiences teach an individual what to do and what he will become in the forthcoming. The affinity and interaction with the pile around you mold and stabilize your character. The work and experience that you substantiate or have been engaged in will create the kind of leader you are or can be after surpassing tidy sum and pressures. Your goals and desires will determine how far you can go. 2. What principles surfaced to you from your readings of Synchronicity? To what extent have you practiced any or all of the disciplines in the context of your ain life?Synchronicity, a book written by Joseph Jaworski, overly dissertateed some important insights in leadership. He presented the value of servant leadership wherein in an organization an individual is after the group instead of ones self interest. Servant leaders should know how to listen, empathize, be aware, heal himself and the members, conceptualize, foresee, persuade, commit, and work out his community. Servant leaders should also know how to keep the harmonious relationship among members. From my own experience, I have proven that servant leadership works.A leader who values the group members and their opinion has too far to go in leading. Listening, empathy and awareness are very important. Moreover, respect is also beingness gained in return. You can also expand and develop ideas through bra instorming. Jaworski also discussed the importance of advance planning and conceptualizing. You will be able to estimation and assume future events and circumstances, enabling you to know what to do or vitiate in the future. Learning from the past is also important, past experiences can be ones pattern in decision-making. leadershiphip skills can be developed and improved through ones knowledge and experiences. unlike styles can be used depending on the situation for a to a greater extent efficient results, only proper decision-making should be done wisely. To be knowledgeable and ideal leader, explore the world and learn more things in life. Be responsible. 3. Locate one or more websites and journals that explore leadership traits and styles, and discuss management and leadership. A group of researchers led by Kurt Lewin, conducted an experiment in order to study and identify specific types of leadership.In result, the group naturalised three major types the magisterial leader ship (autocratic), Participative (democratic), and delegative (laissez-faire). (Kendra Van Wagner) In authoritarian leadership, clear expectations of all the details is provided such as what, when, and where something should be done. Leaders decide independently with a little contribution from the rest of the group, or even nothing at all. In this type of leadership, less creativeness in decision-making is being formed by the group.However, it is applicable in situations wherein in that respect is minimal time for group discussion or when the leader is the virtually knowledgable and reliable member of the group. (Kendra Van Wagner) Participative leadership allows everyone to take part in the discussion and decision-making processes and is guided by the leader. The output of the work lead by democratic leaders is more creative. Members are being more prompt and creative as the leader encourage them to participate, but preserve the nett decision to him.(Kendra Van Wagner) Members under delegative leadership work independently with a little or no guidance at all from the leader and leave decision-making to the rest of the group. On the other mess, this style can be useful for members that are highly competent in an area of proficiency, but frequently results into weakly defined roles and lack of enthusiasm. (Kendra Van Wagner) Leadership goes hand in hand with management. Though the ii are inseparable terms, it is important to know the distinction between them.Leadership deals with the concept and rationale plot of land management is into the logistic details such as who, when and when. Leaders mastermind the organizarion while managers handle the process towards a certain goal. Leaders travel others to go beyond their limit and explore whereas managers make others do what they fatality to do. Managers are focused on present circumstances leaders conentrate on conceptualizing and foreseeing. Leaders plan managers make things done. They have different j obs and responsibillities, yet the two are directly linked to each other.How can you plan for the future and lead if you dont know how to manage and work things out? (Webb)Works Cited Jaworski, Joseph. Synchronicity The Inner Path of Leadership . Berrett-Koehler Publishers 1st ed edition , March 1996. Kendra Van Wagner. Leadership Theories. 2007. About. com. 26 September 2007 <http//psychology. about. com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories. htm>. Webb, Bert. My Two Cents Leadership vs. Management. 26 September 2007 <http//hwebbjr. typepad. com/openloops/2005/03/my_two_cents_le. hypertext mark-up language>.

GEICO Culture: Nicely’s approach to the Four Functions of Management

In the mid-1930s, at the height of the Great Depression, there werent m whatever bulk with the foresight and courage to start up a new familiarity. until now the husband and wife team of Leo and Lillian Goodwin were up to the ch anyenge. Confident that he could create a successful auto insurance business by marketing directly to c befully targeted customer groups, Leo Goodwin hammered aside a business plan during his early career in Texas. In 1936, he put that plan into action, establishing the Government Employees Insurance Companythe company known and loved today as GEICO.Few people visualise that GEICO was initially targeted to federal employees and certain categories of enlisted military officers. From the 1960s to the early 90s GEICO had separate CEOs in place entirely it was not until 1993 that the company began to change as a whole. In 1993, Olza Tony nicely was named GEICOs new chairman, president and CEO, and worked to expand the customer base through a new quad-comp any strategy. Along with it came an increased advertising budget which propelled GEICO toward much high national visibility.In all successful corporations planning is essential. Planning is the starting line and most important step in the surgical process of successfully managing a corporation. Planning activities determine an organizations objectives and establish abstract strategies for achieving them. The organizing, commanding, and jumper cable functions of management are all derived from planning. All members of management in any organization must plan. Through plans managers are able to communicate their expectations and strategic plans to achieve corporal mission.Tony Nicely, GEICOs CEO understands the importance of planning. Nicely is precise involved in the planning process and stays abreast of the corporate business stance as well as how individually practicable department plans to achieve corporate goals. Nicely meets with top management to enlarge plans for th e upcoming year. The decisions and plans made by top level management are communicated to mid-level management in the form of business level plans. Mid-level management is responsible for creating functional level plans where.The usage of this systematic approach to planning ensures that each level of the hierarchy within an organization understands the corporate mission and their office in achieving it. GEICOs planning is centered around its 7 operational principles * Respect Respect, support and provide opportunity for all associates. * Service Be fanatics for outstanding customer service. * Low-Cost Be the low-cost provider. * Integrity track down with uncompromising integrity. * Discipline Maintain a disciplined balance sheet. gainful Growth Make an underwriting profit while achieving optimum growth. * adorn Invest for total return. Organizing The second function of management is organization. We submit to organize everything we need in order to achieve our goal. We need to find people who give work on that project and we need to gather resources which we need to advance our goal. Once we organize everything we can move to the tierce function of four functions of management. Creates a structure of task and authority relationships that supports attainment of organizational goals.Organizing is the process of structuring both human and physical resources to accomplish organizational objectives. Thus, organizing involves dividing tasks into jobs, delegating authority, determing the appropriate bases for departmentalizing hoibsm and deciding the optimum numbers of jobs in each department. Leading The third function is directing or leading. We need to lead people to use the resources we prepared in the second function. Leading is probably the hardest function of all four.We need to know our people in order to lead them correctly Controlling The death function is controlling. This wizard is as any other of the four functions of management very impor tant. We first must explain what controlling actually is. This is not just controlling over workers as one might think, this is also the controlling of your programs and your goal achievement at the end. This last function enables us to improve our skills and process in future by correcting errors that happened during this cycle.

Discriminatory practices in health Essay

Discriminatory appoint in wellness and societal carry off happens for many reasons including some valuable factors that are unremarkably the cause of discriminatory practice for mannequin a person whitethorn be discriminated against because on the basis of their diversity. One measurable discriminatory practice is because of cultivation. A persons Culture is important to them and identifies who they are in the world. It is developed within the kind group they are raised in, and quarter change when they are mature enough to decide for their selves what culture outdo suit them. In addition respecting a persons culture is important for all concerned. Its likewise important for the individual because it creates a sense of support and understanding. An object lesson of Culture discrimination in a wellness and social care backing is that soulfulness from a certain(p) culture king not be given the uniform heart of support and advice then someone else from another differe nt culture.This is one unconstipated example of culture discrimination in health and social care. another(prenominal) important grapheme of discrimination is Disability discrimination. In health and social care, you will work with and support with various disabilities. The Disability discrimination practise makes il lawful to discriminate against someone who has a disability. The act covers employment, access to goods, facilities and receipts of organisations, education, buying and renting a property and transport services. There has to be full accessibility for anyone with a disability. The organisation anyone works for will be required by law to have a policy in place regarding disability. An example of this type of discrimination in a health and social care is that the organisation might not place the demand equipments for people who a disability to gain access to the health and social care ranges. Another example from a health and social care setting is that the organisat ion might not place a policy regarding disability.This will be against the law and also a form of discrimination. Another important discrimination practice in health and social care is the age of an individual. Age discrimination happens when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age, without justification, or is harassed and victimised because of their age. Age discrimination also happens when someone is denied something because of their age, for example there were controversies regarding giving older people drugs because of their shorter life expectancy, collect to their age. Some people have argued that the money would be better exhausted on drugs for younger people. This is a massive discrimination against older people.An example of age discrimination in a health and social setting is that someone might not be provided a certain service because of their old age for example if they apply for a job as a nurse they might refuse their application because of their old ag e. This is a type of discrimination in a lot jobs but this was an example from a health and social service. Social class is another important type in which discrimination is ground upon. Our social class is homely from the place where we live. The higher the class, the better the place is kept and maintained. This inequality has also infiltrated health and social care. For example members of the department of health publication direct that the poor are more likely to get female genitaliacer than the rich, and their chances of excerpt are lower too.However at the heart of human rights is the intuitive feeling that everybody should be treated equally and with dignity- no matter what their circumstances might be. An example of this in a health and social care setting is that some people might not be treated the same as other people who might be wealthier than them. This might be classified as social class discrimination. Sexuality is another important type in which discrimination is based upon. Sexual orientation croup refer to a person who is attracted to another person of the same elicit (gay and/or lesbian), the opposite sex (heterosexual), or both sexes which is known as bisexual. Discrimination against someone delinquent to their sexual orientation is against the law.If someone feels discriminated against due to their sexual orientation or feels they are discriminated against they can seek legal help. Family status is also another type in which discrimination is based upon. This can lead to a variety of discriminations against gay and/or lesbian parents, single parents, parents of different genders, parents of different. Cognitive ability is also another type of discrimination. Discrimination on the grounds of cognitive ability may spread out because of a brain injury, a learning disability or difficulty, or a persons social class or education. It can be easy to discriminate against people with cognitive disabilities but care must be taken not to d o so.

Seven Approaches to Studying the Human Body

When studying the human remains, at that place argon seven organizational come alonges. Each approach studies the proboscis in a different yet unique way and is routined in the health cargon field. The approaches consist of body planes and directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic and macroscopic, body systems and medical specialties. There are three body planes which utilization different directions coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Coronal plane slices the body from head to toenail giving a front and back view.There are two directions that are related with it antecedent posterior, moving from the outside of the body through the anterior resolve then the posterior section, and posterior anterior, which is its reverse. Sagittal plane cuts the body right down the middle giving a right and left(p) view. Moving medially is to go inwards or towards the middle of the body from the outside and to go laterally is as if moving o ut or from the midline towards the outside of the body. Lastly, transverse plane divides the body giving a top and bottom sections. The top half(a) is superior and the lower half is inferior.Moving cephalad is moving superiorly, and cuadad is moving inferiorly. Radiologists would example this approach when looking at x-rays or MRI scans to distinguish how the image was taken. There are five sections of devote space, known as cavities, in the human body, all of which carry-over apiece other. Starting from the head is the cranial enclosed space that protects the brain, then the spinal fossa that travels down the middle of the back, then in the chest is the thoracic cavity where the lungs, heart and esophagus are, next is the abdominal cavity which is around the abdominal muscles and last is the pelvic cavity where the hip b champions lay.An ultrasound technician would use this approach when projecting images from inside the body cavity onto the screen. The approach to use quadra nts and regions is to divide up the abdominopelvic area into four parts, which are quadrants, and then into nightclub parts out of that which give you regions. (Scribd. com, 2010) This method can be apply as a reference to where the organs are located in which area. For instance, in the left lower quadrant is the lower part of the kidney, part of the colon, and the left ovary for women. This type of diagram would military service ith position the organs. In the health field, physicians refer to this during an internal exam. According to Degreedirectory. org (1999), anatomy studies the structure of organs and cells. Since cells are a microscopic size the best way to study, using this approach is with a microscope, which is, a tool apply to examine cells. Physiology is the study of the get of organ and cells. Organs are of a macroscopic size that fashion it can be seen with the naked eye. These approaches can be used in many ways in health care.An orthopedic would study muscles and tendons or an immunologist would study blood cells using a microscope. The human body is make up of several different types of systems. This means that each system is do up of a few organs, which synchronize with one another and dissemble as a unit. Organs are unable to perform without the help of the other organs in their unit. All of the organs support one another to perform their run lows. The gastrointestinal system breaks down the foods we eat into protein, vitamins, fats and carbohydrates, which is used for energy, growth and repair.The organs in the respiratory system are the nose, trachea and lungs. These organs help bring air into the body and eliminate the vitamin C dioxide. There is a system that actions as a defense called the lymphatic system and runs through the whole body. This systems main function is to make white blood cells that act as disease battle antibodies. The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. This systems main function is to act like a barrier to guard the body from the outside world. The bony system protects the organs.It is made up of bones, ligaments, joints and tendons. It gives support and structure to the body and a place for muscle attachment and movement. In other words, it holds the body up. Without the hard up system the human body would be unable to walk or stand up. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to sway the movement of the human body. There are two types of muscles ones that are willing such as moving an arm or leg and ones that are involuntary and act on their own such as the get the better of of a heat or stomach.

Hunters in the Snow

Mikael Habtezion Mrs. Walker English 1B 5 July 2011 A Snowy harbor A neighborhood full of eye watching with judgmental thoughts aimed at you. Gossip behind every corner, evaluating everything you do, avoiding all contact with someone so profligate. No one wishes to be in such a only(a) and ostracized state. Thats why everyone touchs to conceal each troublesome and em turn backricaderassing riddle in their lives, appearing to the world as a worry-free, cheerful, and enthusiastic person.In the little(a) accounting Hunters in the Snow by Tobias brute this act of concealing a persons inner and true egotism in pitch to avoid judgment occurs amongst the main characters. There are terzetto men who go on a hunting trip Kenney, uncivil, and bathing tub. As they find themselves unable to find deer to hunt, bathroom shoots Kenney in revere of being shot himself since Kenney was threatening to shoot him first. The hunters reason amongst themselves that they have to oblige him t o the hospital themselves, tho on the way Tub and Frank go over to hard up at bars a few whiles.In this story we learn that Tub claims to have problems with his glands, which is why he is overweight, and we modernize a clue that Frank is hiding something about his personal life in a conversation with Kenney. Throughout the story, these characters are always covered with unclouded-hot reversal, heretofore as the title suggests. Symbolically, white is a color of uprightness and innocence throughout the story, Frank and Tub seem more innocuous than their true selves would actually allow. Not until the end when they go into the bar to warm up and the century melts onward, are their genuine personalities and their unknowns revealed.In Hunters in the Snow Wolf cleverly utilisations nose candy as a metaphor to mask Frank and Tubs personal problems. In this short story, Franks personal problems are secreted through the metaphor of snow. The reader knows that he has a family a loving wife and kids. Throughout the story the author exposes nil about Frank that would cause the reader to judge him in any way. However, one thing is brought up about a certain brood hen but non enough evidence is given in order to judge him yet (622). During the story, Frank was driving with the now blowing in his appear (629). When Wolf says this, he elucidates to the observant reader that the snow is covering him. The white snow is brightening his outward appearance, and in turn, let his inward appearance shrink apart. After their friend Kenney gets shot, they drive him to the hospital. They author displays them as good friends at this point. On the trip, Frank argues that they have to preventative at a bar because if him and Tub dont get warmed up theyre deprivation to freeze solid (631). By saying this Wolf strengthens his metaphor as he puts more snow on him.When they arrive at the bar Frank orders coffee and he craddles the steaming cup in his hands. His scrape was bone white (631). At this moment, Wolf is placing the false indistinguishability nigh to what reveals it. He places the door next to the key this key will unlock the secrets which lay behind that door. Wolf displays how white Frank is and how innocent he looks, but also in a parallel manner he displays the steaming coffee, which flowerpot literally melt that snow away and figuratively melt his false identity away. Right after the melting generates to opt place, Franks inner secrets become revealed.Frank confides in Tub as he exposes that he thinks hes going to be leaving Nancy, his wife (631). Tub tries to find a reason for this and becomes curious if Nancy has been having an affair. However, Wolf completely takes away Franks haven of innocence by elucidating that Nancy hasnt been running aroundFrank has even though shes been damned good to him all these years (632). By saying this, Franks refuge beneath the snows innocence is befogged, and he becomes a target for judgment by the reader.After heat up and letting the snow melt off, it is unveiled that Frank has lost the purity he once had in the readers eyes and has stooped to a lower level of respect. After he confesses himself to Tub, the snow fall lightened and the clouds began to roll back off the fields (633). When this is stated, the metaphor of the snow as a refuge which hid Franks secrets begins to fade away since his secret is made kn receive to the reader. Not only does Frank use snow to hide himself and appear to be innocent, but Tub does as well.As his nickname suggests, Tub is overweight. When the three friends were hunting and took a break, everyone brought out their own fulfilling food, except for Tub. When they ate, Tub put out one hardboiled egg and a stick of celery and when his friends wondered how he can eat like this but still be gaining weight, Tub defended himself by saying, What am I divinatory to do? Its my glands (623). However, earlier when he was getting picked up by Kenne y and Frank to go hunting, a sandwich fell out of his scoop shovel then he picked up his sandwiches and cookies (621).The reader is given an idea that something is fishy and it can be seen that there is more to the story than meets the eye, but we are not given enough information to judge Tub yet. When Frank and Tub were trying to help Kenney into the back of the truck after he was shot, Tub accidently dropped him. Frank became frustrated and declared, You fat moron You arent good for dogshit (629). After this incident, Wolf pushes the reader to sympathize with Tub in his cadence of being isulted and therefore Wolf cleverly makes the previously aroused suspicions disappear.After they get Kenney in the truck, and they hit the road, the snow was moving white wall in front of their lights it swirled into the cab through the hole in the windshield and settled on them (630). Wolf persists with his metaphor and shelters Tubs inward identity and secrets with this white snow that displa ys purity. On their way to the hospital, Frank and Tub stop again to warm up. They used an automatic hand dryer in the bathroom and they took turns standing in front of itletting the jet of skin senses air breathe across their faces and chests (633).This becomes Tubs threshold to letting his secrets out. Just like Frank, Tubs snow and light begin to melt away and his personal and embarrassing problems become visible. Tub sits charge with Frank and throws his shrouded problems into the open for disclosure. Tub admits that when he said that about his glands, that wasnt true. The impartiality is he shovels it in (634). With this, Tub is completely relinquished of his ivorytower and his secret is revealed. Tub becomes a target for judgment, just like Frank, for the reader.As the essay has illustrated, snow is used as a metaphor by Wolf in order to hide the true identities and inward secrets of Frank and Tub. When the snow melts off of these hunters, their skin is revealed and likewis e their inner secrets come to the surface and become put in to judgment. Everyday multitude become subject to judgment by confederacy for large mistakes such as having an affair to small ones such as stepping on someones toe. It is about impossible not to be judged in some way by society, just as it is almost impossible not to judge others.We tend to look at people as if we are better than them without even considering our own state of being. For example, a person shouldnt accuse a neighbor of having a crappy floor, when their own carpet is soiled with three times the dirt. As time passes by hopefully we can look past the faults of our fellow kind-hearted beings, and accept that we are humans and have our own faults and have no business taking the roll of judge when it is unnecessary. Then can we assume in a world without the fear of being our true self then we can progressively work on our personal problems and strive to become more improved and upright people.

Bullying in Our Life Essay

We all have been bullied or been a rowdying in our life time, maybe not us. But our pip-squeakren have been bullied or is a strong-arm without us even known. This is why I chose to write somewhat bullying in school. We often hear on the news and earnings how young people are shooting up schools, killing themselves example of bullying. 60% of bullies have a criminal record (Ryan Keller) by the big(p) age. However this essay will give you information and tools on how you and your child can solve bully problems in school s, also in the communitys even at work places.Most kids arouse teased by their sisters or brothers at some point in life and thats what siblings usually do its not unwholesome rag, but friendly and playful matter. But when it comes down to bullying were your teasing becomes hurtful, constant and really cross the line into bullying is a very(prenominal) intentional physical ,verbal Often time the child who is doing the bullying is a victim of bullying themselv es, by someone at home. And they are face for someone who appears to be weaker than them, so they can stand up to their bully. The snatch tool is we have to see why that child is a bully and help them to face their bully, they maybe stop begin a bully as well. The third tool is if you child see someone who is getting bullied, tell them dont just walk by it go and get some help for them. Make a stand birdcall stop and help until someone comes and help.

Who’s Got the Monkey: Concept of Time Management

Whos got monkey? explains the concept of time management. It explains the manager-subordinate relationship. It focuses on three types of time, boss compel time, system imposed time and self imposed time. These are the diverse amounts of time that a manger has to accomplish his task. The goal of this article Is to expeditiously conciliate use of that time to maximize results. The author explains different persist related situations in which a subordinate passes his monkey or Issue on to the mangers and makes It the responsibility of the manger.Monkey means Issue or problems or responsibilities, using the frequent analogy monkey on my back. This article demonstrates how subordinates commonly pass the monkeys onto their mangers and accordingly live a more carefree life, asking the question who flora for who? The author shows us how to pass on the monkeys so that managers can manage, indeed taking initiative to identify the best candidates for their company. The lesson I learne d was how to spill on monkey that dont belong to will benefit everyone especi exclusivelyy the parties involved. 2. Everyone has monkeys or problems.These monkeys are commonly found In the cogitationplace as explained by the article, but not always. Some my monkeys are found In the workplace and some at home. First monkey Is to deposit all our funds at the end of week or sometimes twice a week In the bank. I am In charge of find the cash, filling the deposit slip and delivering it to the bank. My second monkey is to spend a penny our embrace Wald, our pet Chihuahua a bath whenever he needs one or whenever I want. My third monkey is to fill out all of my parents bills(mortgage, water, utility) and make the checks and send them off.I have been in charge of this ever since my sister locomote out. in one case she moved out it became my monkey. My parents give me the check book and the quid of bill and I fill them out accordingly and mail them out. Once I mail them out I give my parents back the stubs and they show them away. The first monkey Is mine because one day I volunteered to learn our cash deposit when our manager couldnt do It and he trusted me with and I have been doing It ever since. The second monkey became mine when we got a quest after. My blood brother wanted a dog so badly but was unaware of the chores and responsibility that came with It.After a week of having the dog it became apparent that he was overwhelmed with all him being responsible of taking care of it. He is still in charge of cleaning the poop, walking him and buying him food I volunteered to take him baths because my brother would not do it frequently enough for my liking and since he lived in our house I wanted a clean dog so therefore it became my monkey. 3. The monkey of depositing our cash at the end of our work week was on that did not and does not belong to me. I certain this monkey by volunteering to do it when our manager was in a speed to get home and could not stop by the bank.

Carl Jung’s Theory on Personality

All across America, literacy and early nurture of children has baffle the cerebrate of concern for p atomic number 18nts, t from apiece oneers, and policy makers. Education has been positively linked to assimilators approaching success in civilize, their desirelihood to continue education past postgraduate take, and their future cargoner opport unit of measurementies. A strong proveation in course session and linguistics is a key factor in childrens pedantic growing and future opportunities.As a resoluteness, a great deal of time, money, and cleverness has been invested in designing political syllabuss that focus on developing childrens acquaintance and use of the incline diction in order to provide them with this needed educational foundation. However, upon close inspection, it seems as though m any an(prenominal) of these platforms focus on correcting yet one or two of the many factors at shape in the issue of illiteracy in Americas urban youth. go a var iety of knowledge programs are available in almost every school, there are still a fundamental number of illite pasture and struggling assimilators across the nation. Of particular concern is the school preparation of children from economically disadvantaged alkalis children who continue to fare slight(prenominal) easily in school than much advantaged children (Stipek 711). 40% of Americas fourthly marker learners lack basic breeding skills, but the illiteracy rate emergences to 68% for low-income rural and urban areas (Literacy Rates).Research has sh take in that children who grow up in unretentive, urban areas engagement the most with culture for a variety of reasons. Despite large federal and state investments in compensatory education programs, persistent performance gaps among students of various(a) heathen, socioeconomic, and linguistic backgrounds have been difficult to close (Neuman 92). This shows that resources are available to schools and districts tha t flavour issues with low literacy rates, but the problem persists. In a study of gaps in reading acquirement by Parkinson and Rowan, statistical analysis was done on the test get ahead of high-, average-, and low-risk students upon entering kindergarten by means of the revoke of third grade (Neuman 80).Placing these lots on a statistical normal curve helped take in how much the gap among these conventions increased as education progressed, and showed substantive evidence that socioeconomic factors uphold the education of young children. These test scores were then utilise for nevertheless statistical analysis to determine the add together of additional control time it would take at-risk students to reach the same achievement level as average and low-risk students.By sharp the standard deviation of each groups test scores, Parkinson and Rowan were able to then convert that to months of additional charge necessary to decrease the gaps in reading achievement. In order to match high-risk students achievement with that of average-risk students, 1. 6 months of extra teaching method would be necessary at the start out of kindergarten, but by the end of the third grade, the time had increased to 4. 7 months. When study high-risk and low-risk students achievement, 2. months of tuition were needed at the beginning of kindergarten, whereas the end of third grade involve 7. 8 months (Neuman 80). While Parkinson and Rowan acknowledge variations and possible issues with the data they peaceful and analyzed, these calculations still show the effects of socioeconomic factors on educational achievement. In a similar study by Stipek and Ryan on disadvantaged preschoolers and faculty member indigence, this education gap is explored as a result of lack of motivation.Surveying and calculating the schoolman achievement of several classroom groups in preschool and kindergarten proved a similar gap in academic achievement to that found by Parkinson and Rowan. The results of this study paint a clear picture of children from relatively low-income kins beginning school at a considerable academic disadvantage (Stipek, 720). by dint of several cognitive assessments of skills including problem solving, reading, and language skills, this study attempted to account where students of low socioeconomic backgrounds struggled the most.Statistically of import differences were found in each of these assessments for each age group, so to come along investigate these results, motivation and gender factors were inquiryed as well. In contrast to the determinations on cognitive variables, the results revealed almost no motivation deficits for the economically disadvantaged children (Stipek 721). What little differences were found connected to gender were lofty and did non designate any real pattern of academic achievement. While this study ooked into gender and motivation as factors in academic achievement differences, these proved insignificant to explain the achievement gap between students of variable socioeconomic backgrounds. Rather than continue to focus on individual factors, like gender and motivation, that had been proven to have little significance in explaining the education gap, other queryers have taken up the banner of family pastime and firm environment on childrens academic victimisation.According to McLoyd and Purtell, contemporary esearchers tend to fancy links between family income and home environment within an investment sham (i. e. , the notion that income is associated with childrens breeding because it enables families to invest in the human superior of their children by purchasing materials, experiences, and services that benefit the childs development and well-being) rather than within a cultural deficit model (Neuman 58). argument behind this focus can be found in the biography of urban areas and the families that live in them, presented by Shirley Heath.In the article Oral and literat e Traditions Among Black Americans Living in Poverty, Heath explains, in the late 1980s, virtually half of all Black children lived in poverty, and most of these, especially in urban areas, grew up in households headed by a mother to a lower place 25 years of age who was a school dropout (Heath, 3). She continues to explain how ethnic groups, linguistic differences, and religious or regional factors can make finding trustworthy childcare difficult for single mothers, putting further pecuniary strain on the environment.Financial strain can have a ostracise effect on the focus put on education in homes with both parents and/or high socioeconomic stipulation. This can to a fault chafe family bonds and leave students more vulnerable to the presence of drugs and other negative inner-metropolis influences. By getting involved in drugs, gangs, and other harmful influences, education is forgotten, disabling academic achievement and future opportunities, and prolonging the cycle of po verty in pitiable urban households.While Heath explains the prevalence of this cycle of poverty through inter arrests and face-to-face perspectives she collected, Manuel Bueno explains the many and persistent affects it has on early childhood development. A shortage in early childhood development will have irreversible consequences on individuals future lifetime opportunities. This will reverberate later in life in the form of lower quality jobs, lower wages, shorter life-spans, worsened health and lower cognitive abilities, thus perpetuating an intergenerational cycle of poverty (Bueno).Unlike many articles regarding early childhood development, Bueno also acknowledges the importance of non-nuclear family structures, emphasizing the importance of involving a childs primary caretaker rather than the mother or father. curiously in poor urban areas, a household can take on members of the extended family just as often as it can cast away a childs biological parents. Bueno suggest s creating early childhood development programs that are both multi-faceted and family inclusive.The most successful of the programs Bueno suggests is referred to as parenting programs that work to implicate parents in childrens education to give them an active and responsible bureau in their childs development, and provide reinforcement at home for the things contracted in school. The value of these programs is also emphasized by a number of other authors. Charles R. Greenwood is one of the forerunners in the argument for the ecological-interactional-developmental model that investigates the home environment effects on early childhood development.He explains the Hart and Risley economy utilise to measure individual childrens growth in schooling to talk as well as the childs language environment, consisting of parents, siblings, and friends talk heard by the child in the home and intercommunicate directly to the child (Neuman 116). By recording audiotapes of conversations and interactions, Greenwood was able to analyze these observations use Hart and Risley Code. Similar observations and analyses were made in classroom settings to study students responses to instruction.These findings were compared to those found in the home environment, where Greenwood explains some interesting connections. through the use of Hart and Risley, Greenwood was able to find that children from families of low-socioeconomic status were spoken to less frequently and with fewer words. Children from similar socioeconomic statuses also scored lower on vocabulary tests and struggled with basic academic skills, which crippled their early literacy and school discretion by kindergarten age. By this research, Greenwood was able to conclude that children from low ocio-economic status were less exposed to language and therefore did not learn as much. get ahead investigation showed that this put a strain on the childrens school readiness, resulting in an education gap similar to that found by Parkinson and Rowan, which grows as students progress in their schooling. Class wide peer instructing is a program developed and implemented by several researchers, including Greenwood, to investigate whether or not students of lowsocioeconomic status families respond better to one-on-one instruction with a tutor outside of the classroom.For ninety minutes a day, four days per week, students met with a tutor on top of fastness instruction to complete lessons in reading, spelling, and math instruction. Results indicated that these lessons significantly modify students classroom engagement during instruction and trim socially inappropriate behavior, while accelerating reading, language, and mathematics performance on regularise tests (Neuman 125). Once the positive impact of this supplemental instruction was established, further research was proceeded with peer- aid learning strategies in which students share the role of teacher in microscopical reading groups.Thirty- five to forty-five minute sessions were conducted daily, in which students were broken up into groups of one-third to practice reading aloud to each other. Individual points are awarded and group totals are used to determine a winner each day. The contiguous affects this peer- abeted strategy were significant increases in accuracy, fluency, and comprehension of the material read by students (Neuman 122). After explaining the details of both the one-on-one tutoring and peer-assisted learning strategies, Greenwood discusses their effectiveness as the results showed about 59% of participants exceeded the achievement of non-participants. Students in urban settings, from low-income backgrounds, and of minority status experienced larger gains than students from suburban middle- to high-income backgrounds (Neuman 126). It was also noted that younger students were touch greater than older students. This study shows that while peer tutoring and one-on-one instruction outside the classroom can improve student achievement, it cannot be used as a panacea for the achievement gap. While Greenwood put his focus on supplemental instruction programs to improve literacy in students from low socioeconomic households, Come andFredericks chose to investigate the involvement of parents in reading programs. They claim that poor families avoiding schools is frequently perceived by educators to be a lack of paternal interest in childrens education and, upon investigation of an inner urban center Georgia school, found that 45% of the children had no one to read to them at home (Come 567). This school had developed several programs designed to help increase the self-esteem of children through agnate encouragement and involvement in literacy development.One program designed to acknowledge parents in childrens reading was a periodic rewards system. If a student read with a parent for at least(prenominal) fifteen minutes each day for a month, it was marked on a calendar, submitted to the teacher, and the student was rewarded for his or her accomplishment, boosting confidence and reading proficiency. This program was assisted by a school wide track record stand in, in which the students themselves improved approach shot to new reading material. When they brought two books to school, they could exchange one book for a book to keep and the other for a book to present to their classroom library (Come 569). Accompanied by a cross-age reading program that paired students in different grades for cooperative reading groups, this book exchange reinforced by parental involvement proved to have significant improvements on childrens reading aptitude in the inner city Georgia school. These programs proved to be useful in the development of students reading ability and confidence, as well as the involvement of parents in their childrens education.However, inner-city schools are frequently a melting backside of ethnicities and languages, which can put more strain on ch ildrens education if schools do not include language development in reading programs. In a study done by William change intensity, a meet called Literacy in its Place was investigated to compare literacy programs in rural and urban schools. initial research suggested that the reported difference in urban and rural scores could be explained by differences in social class distribution between the country and the city (Louden 1).When these factors were taken into account, surprisingly little significance was found. Instead, it was found that children from working class homes, specifically homes in which English is a chip language or dialect, were more academically disadvantaged than other students. Louden focuses the rest of his research on professional development for teachers to better assist multilingual students and their parents become actively involved in mastering the English language and developing reading skills. While this supports the consensus of the previously discussed authors that hildren from low-income homes struggle more with school, it introduces language development as a new focus for further research. Mahiri and Sablo introduce research into language as a factor in academic achievement and literacy by analyze the voluntary writing of African American students in a California high school. This study was initiated because, in our overall quest to look at ways that African American and youth grow could be used as a nosepiece to writing development, we wanted to learn more about the kinds of writing these students do for their own purposes outside of school (Mahiri 165).In this case, writing is seen as an outlet through which students are free to express themselves in whatever vernacular they are most comfortable with, without conforming to school standards or expectations. By investigating students use of language in out-of-school settings, Mahiri and Sablo hoped to better link what schools view as important and meaningful in lessons, and what students find meaningful in their daily lives.In this study, it was found that minority students were predominantly in basic and academic classes, as opposed to honors or advanced placement, and performing well beneath the average scores on standardized tests. Statistics provided by the school, which remained unnamed, showed a 44% failure rate for African American students that began as freshman there. by means of an analysis of several pieces of literature written by the students included in the research, and the methods for instruction used by their teachers, little connection was found to suggest culturally relevant topics were being included in instruction.Students were applying information obtained at school to improve their skills and express themselves, but instructors made little causa to do the same. The teachers included in the study recognized that urban culture and schools were changing and that these changes would require them to adjust as well, but were having trouble doing so. Mahiri and Sablo also recognize that including culturally relevant material in school instruction and literacy activities would not solve the problems students faced with literacy development.However, their research suggests that it may help with the development of language and reading skills by giving students something that they can relate to and substantiate based on their own interests. Ernest Morrell addresses this in the article, Toward a Critical didactics of Popular Culture Literacy Development among Urban Youth. Ernest Morrell, a former teacher in urban schools, claims that low academic achievement is not the result of a lack of interest, intelligence, or other person-to-person factors in urban students.Instead, he suggests that the issue lies with a lack of access to curriculum and resources. workings from the correlation Mahiri found with urban youth literacy practices and the types of practices emphasized by schools, Morrell suggests that any invest igation of habitual culture must emanate from and serve the interests of members of marginalized groupswhere students and teachers learn from and with one another while engaging in authentic dialogue that is centered on the experiences of urban youth as participants in and creators of popular culture (Morrell 2).As an example, he explains programs he designed and used in his own classroom, where hip-hop culture, popular film, and the media were incorporated into each unit. When beginning a unit on English rhyme, Morrell introduced the importance of learning the context in which poetry was written to obtain a better understanding of the literature. The same mentation was applied to hip-hop and rap music that students in the class were beaten(prenominal) with.For the final project, students were given rap songs to choose from and interpret based on contextual concepts and interpretations that apply to English poetry. As a result, students were inspired to score their own rap/poe try, and were able to better engage with the material because it was trussed to larger social issues they could relate to. A similar idea was used in units on popular film and actual media. Several movies tie in to books and assigned reading material were watched in class while students took notes comparing characters, writing styles, and story structure.News segments were also watched to help students analyze portrayals of stories in the media, conduct interviews, and complete a research project on a current topic in the news. Based on his observations of the students in his classroom, Morrell found that small teachers and teacher educators can use classroom-based research to prove that there are ways to meet the challenges the new century offers and turn them into opportunities to connect to the worlds of students, to put forward academic achievement, and to prepare students for critical citizen ship in a multicultural democracy (Morrell 4).Through an investigation of current studies being done on reading programs and language development in urban schools, it is easy to see what students struggle with and why. Students from urban neighborhoods tend to be poor working families where English may not be the primary language. Some researchers have interpreted the struggles of these students as a lack of involvement from parents and programs have been designed to better include them in their childs education. While these have proven to be somewhat successful, they do not solve any issues beyond change magnitude parental involvement.Other less successful programs have been designed to increase students access to school resources, thinking that increased access will increase reading comprehension and proficiency. While this also proved somewhat successful, it can only be applied to schools where budget issues do not limit those resources. Family structure, student motivation, and gender have also been investigated as possible factors in the literacy of urban youth, but proved to have an insignificant effect.The most successful research and program development has been a result of combined individually researched ideas. growth programs that incorporate popular culture has proven to engage students better than regular classroom material and often on more a personal level. Peer tutoring and other cooperative learning programs have proven to be somewhat successful because they allow students to encourage each other in their responsibilities, but this can by further increased by the cellular inclusion of popular culture in the material.These ideas, in addition to increasing parental involvement and increasing students access to resources, have had the most significant impact on education and literacy development. It is the incorporation of urban culture into education that further research should be conducted on. By understanding what is important and relevant to students and including that in their education, a platform can be created from which literacy and language skills can be developed.