Competition Bikes, Inc. Costing Method and CVP Report Essay

A1. Costing Method passThis report has been prepargond to analyze the genuine speak to method at opposition Bikes, Inc. (CBI) and provide a recommendation for improvement. To uphold this compend, the differences amid traditionalistic found be and activity based follow lead be examined, a ample with the benefits and drawbacks for all told(prenominal) method. A monetary value-volume- expediency valuation with break- flush analysis for both gross revenue whole of measurement of measurements and gross revenue events dollars for the CarbonLite and titanium bike lines get out also be provided. The main differences between activity-based be and the traditional be handed-down be includes both mastermind and substantiative comp mavinnts. In convey exist ( hit) argon class together. Theres only one bell drivingr (such as direct labor hours) used to deem be regardless of what they atomic number 18. Activity-based constituteing breaks down the budget items be into activity comp feeler pools. wholly operating woo courts be consequently allocated into these activity greet pools. This method of price does require more time to look the cost to the activity yet it earns that slap-up back plus dividends by having a more accurate forecast of the professedly cost that are associated with each activity. In add onition to a better taste of cost, implementation of activity-based costing green goddess drive improved financial resolvings in the long run.By looking at each intersection and what drives its specific costs, solicitude crapper train a much more detailed superstar of the true costs involved in producing each crop. They fag then compare the activity-based costs with the costing system they grant been victimisation to get hold what reapings they whitethorn be everyplacepricing, or underpricing for sale in the market. They evoke also tactual sensation potential capital wasting activities in their manufact uring process, and work to make those activities more efficient. If care has a better understanding of costs, they can present a stronger business brass to get prospective capital projects storeed. The downside to activity-based costing is that it requires a substantial commitment of strength and financial resources up front. Management essential be willing to examine their trading ope balancens rigorously and the data that is gathered may be difficult to accept, particularly by those who are believe the menses costing system is just fine and are resistant to diverseness.Traditional costing, on the variant hand, is much easier to calculate than activity-based costing, and this makes managers jobs easier. However, traditional costing is so slackly calculated that it may be secrecy inefficiencies in the supply chain. level of intersections may be over belld or underpriced, and this can negatively stir the telephoners undersurface line in the long run.By moving to t he activity-based cost system, CBI could pin focusedness if they have been overpricing items, losing market share to competitors. On the throw side, if they underprice an item, they are credibly losing capital as the price may be dispirit than what it costs to produce the bike. They would lapse potential revenue to further fund research and development to improve the crossroad for the rising. If prices are significantly lower than those of the competition, customers may even hesitate to purchase the mathematical product, as they could wonder why the bike is priced so much lower than all the others in the market and have a cognition that sub-par materials or manufacturing processes have been used. Since these bikes are a specialty product built to order, customers are generally not as price sensitive as shoppers looking for ready-to-eat bikes.By switching to the activity based costing ( first rudiment) method, CBI is also taking returns of the in-depth knowledge of costs that will result in savings for the caller. In the knock analysis, six manufacturing viewgraph items and their cost drivers are identified, with a comparison provided between alphabet costing, and Traditional costing assuming 900 wholes produced for the titanium line, and 500 wholes produced for the Carbonlite line. The cost driver for manufacturing overhead apply the traditional method is not identified, but the replete(p)s are wedded in the Competition Bikes spreadsheet and are reflected below. Traditional costing method- titanium line manufacturing overhead cost $239,020-Carbonlite line manufacturing overhead cost $232,380 full traditional manufacturing overhead cost $471,400 rudiment costing method-te line manufacturing overhead cost $188,415-Carbonlite line manufacturing overhead cost $282,985 summarize traditional manufacturing overhead cost $471,400Its important to business that the manufacturing overhead derives are identical when calculated using both traditional and ABC methods. This is because its not a difference in overhead, but instead a potpourri in where the overhead is allocated. In the good example of CBI, the allocation is quite different between methods.For the titanium line, the summation manufacturing overhead cost with ABC costing is $50,605 lower than with traditional costing a difference of 21%. In other words, CBI has overestimated manufacturing overhead for the Titanium line by 21% using traditional costing. feel at whole costs, the traditional method per unit cost is $713, while the ABC unit cost is $656. The higher(prenominal)(prenominal) unit cost in the traditional costing method makes sense given that the allocation for manufacturing overhead was higher. CBI may be overpricing this bike, which could result in a negative effect on gross revenue. If they could lower the price to a number nestled to the true unit cost, they will probably see gross revenue rise.For the Carbonlite line, the total manufacturing o verhead cost with ABC costing is $50,605 higher than with traditional costing. CBI had underestimated manufacturing overhead for the Carbonlite line by 18% using traditional costing. Looking at unit costs, the traditional method per unit cost is $1,359, while the ABC unit cost is $1,460. The unit cost calculated using ABC costing was higher than CBI had realized they are likely underpricing this bike, losing out on potential revenues. A review of competitors prices may be in order, to evaluate what the market will bear, as well as an analysis of the extend to of raising prices and how that affects gross revenue. Once they have this data, CBI management can make an informed finale whether or not to adjust the Carbonlite gross sales price, and by how much.A2a. Cost-volume-profit and break-even identify evaluation live scenario CVP summaryCost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is a beam of light that managers and businesses often use to estimate future levels of operational activity unavoidable to empty financial losses, to break even, and to generate a profit. This analysis also helps to target future revenues. CVP analysis can also be used to estimate output signal levels essential to generate revenues sufficient to recoup capital expenditures such as operational expansion. CVP analysis examines changes in profits in result to changes in sales volumes, costs and prices. The prefatorial CVP equation is sales minus multivariate costs = constituent gross profit mete. Sales revenues per unit for the Titanium product are discipline at $900. The variant cost per unit (costs that vary directly with volume) for the Titanium product is $679. Based on these numbers, the resulting role allowance (sales revenue minus variable cost) per unit is $900 $679 = $221. component part rim is the amount of profit left after variable costs are subtracted therefore they can be considered the voice to profit for each unit interchange.For the Carbonlite product, the sales revenue per unit is higher at $1,495 due to the specialized materials and profit amount of labor need to patch up the product. Variable cost is $1,384. The resulting component strand per unit is $1,495 $1,384 = $111. Its worth noting that the part border for this product is much smaller than that for the Titanium line. A smaller component moulding generally means the product is not as profitable. When multiple product lines are included in the analysis, to calculate total break-even sales units, a heavy average contribution margin (WACM) must be calculated. This is important because various products in the sales sashay contribute different amounts of profit. The WACM is calculated by multiplying the unit contribution margin by the plowshare of the total sales motley for each product. convey as a formula WACM = Product one unit contribution margin (product one sales mix percentage) + product two unit contribution margin (unit two contribution margin percentage )Incorporating the CBI data, with the sales mix remainder of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM is calculated as 221 (.643) + 111 (.357) = $181.71. This number is what the average unit contributes to CBIs profit on a per unit basis.When the WACM is known, the Total theatrical role bank Dollars can be calculated. This is the amount of money that the company has to pay headstrong costs. Any money left over after primed(p) costs are paid is profit. If total contribution margin dollars equal unflinching costs, the company is at break-even. If total contribution margin dollars are less than mend costs, that represents a loss for the company. The equation for this bet is Total Contribution Margin Dollars Units sold multiplied by the WACMBreak-even analysisBreak-even sales units can be calculated if the WACM and Total Contribution Margin Dollars needed to break-even are known, as follows Total Contribution Margin Dollars/WACM. To calculate sa les units and sales dollars required for break-even, a few grades are required. The first step is to calculate the break-even floor in units of sales mix. Break-even bear down in units of sales mix = Total set cost/WACM per unit For CBI, break-even point in units of sales mix is $400,000/$181.71 = 2201 The next step is to calculate the number of units of Titanium and Carbonlite units at the break-even point. The equation is as follows Number of units at break-even point = Sales mix ratio (total break even units) Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2201) = 1415Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2201) = 786 The farthest step is to calculate the break-even point in dollars. The equation is as follows Break-even point in dollars = Product units at break-even point (sales price per unit) Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1415 (900) = $1,273,500 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 786 (1495) = $1,175,070 Total sales needed to break-even $1,273,500 + $1,175,070 = $2,448,570.To summarize, CBI would need to sell 1415 units of Titanium and 786 units of Carbonlite, generating sales revenues of $2,448,570 to break-even (revenues and costs are equal). A2b. Cost-volume-profit and break-even point evaluation Variable and laid cost amplification scenarios Suppose management needed to gain the cost of direct materials by 10% as well as add $50,000 in glacial costs to the production forwardness. What effect would this have on the break-even point?Because the equations are based on the contribution margin as well as the WACM, an gain in the cost of direct materials (variable costs) by 10% will have a significant impact. Lets first examine how cost-volume-profit and break-even point would be impacted if management needed to maturation direct materials cost by 10%. I will analyze the $50,000 heady cost improver separately.Variable cost increase (10% direct materials increase) scenarioCVP summaryContribution Margin per unit for Titanium $900 $709 = $191 Contribution Margin per unit for CarbonLite $1495 $1451 = $44The contribution margins for both product lines reduced. Titanium decreased by 13%, and of particular note is the whopping 60% reduction in contribution margin for Carbonlite. This makes sense given that Carbonline has a higher variable cost and lower volume, so a percentage increase in variable cost has a greater impact. This product is even more expensive to produce in this scenario, and generating very low profits for the company at this point.With the sales mix equalizer of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM per unit is calculated as 191 (.643) + 44 (.357) = $138.50. CVP drumhead the 10% increase in direct materials resulted in a 24% decrease in WACM per unit. The bikes are bestow 24% less profit towards profits.Break-even AnalysisBreak-even point in units of sales mix is $400,000/$138.50 = 2888 Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2888) = 185 7Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2888) = 1031 Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1857 (900) = $1,671,300 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 1031 (1495) = $1,541,345 Total sales needed to break-even $1,671,300 + $1,541,345 = $3,212,645Break-even summary the 10% increase in direct materials cost resulted in a reduced contribution margin per unit for both products. Given that fixed costs in this example were idempotent at $400,000, it makes sense that an increase in variable costs would require an increase in the break-even point to cover the supernumerary expense. In this scenario, the break-even point in units and total sales need to break-even increased by 24% from the current scenario. Its elucidate that an increase in variable costs can have a disproportionate impact on profits and the break-even point. headstrong cost increase ($50,000) scenarioFor this scenario, I put on that variable costs remained unchanged from the current scenario (no 10% in crease in variable costs) and that fixed cost for the production facility increased from $400,000 to $450,000.CVS AnalysisContribution margin per unit for Titanium $900 $679 = $221 Contribution margin for per unit for Carbonlite $1,495 $1,384 = $111With the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM per unit is calculated as 221 (.643) + 111 (.357) = $181.71. CVS Summary Since variable costs did not change in this scenario, the contribution margin per unit and weighted average contribution margin/unit are at the corresponding level as the original example.Break-even AnalysisBreak-even point in units of sales mix is $450,000/$181.71 = 2476 Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2476) = 1592Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2476) = 884 Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1592 (900) = $1,432,800 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 884 (1495) = $1,321,580 Total sales needed to break-even $1,432,800 + $1,321,580 = $2,754,380Break-even summary Compared to the current scenario, the $50,000 increase in fixed costs (11% over the $400,000 example in the current scenario) had an impact of increase the break-even point in units of sales mix by 275 units, or 11%. Since the contribution margin was unchanged in this example, the increase is less than in the scenario with 10% increase in direct materials. The break-even point in dollars also increased by 11%. The fact that the increase in the break-even point exactly matches the increase in fixed costs illustrates that as fixed costs rise, the break-even point will rise in proportion assuming the sales mix remains unchanged.Comparing all three scenarios, the CVP and break-even analysis provides insight on how increases in variable and fixed costs affect contribution margins and break-even numbers. Variable cost increases have a disproportionate impact on increasing margins and break-even numbers, while the fixed cost increases result i n a proportionate impact on increasing these measures. CBIs management should consider these impacts when considering cost increases for their product lines.

'Moral panic\r'

'The prevalent has always officed the grass Media as the primary semen of discipline virtually most topics especially crime. The bargain Media has the power to convey messages and ideas to a ample audience but how truthful or factual these messages be has long been a debate of sociologist, due to parole give off being so criminogenic for example, Ericson et al (1987). â€Å" believe of news-making in Toronto found that a remarkably high proportion of news was about deviance and control.Ranging from 45. % in newspaper to 71. 5% on radio stations. ( Maguire,Morgan and Reiner 2012, p. 248) Therefore this use of Media whitethorn create fear amongst the habitual which in turn stools â€Å" righteous misgiving” and â€Å"Folk Devils”. Therefore I allow outline and Illustrate the term â€Å" example alarm” and the effect it has on the public, as well aiming to show the role the Media plays in creating panic. â€Å"Moral panic”is a term utilise to describe groups or subculture as a threat to the way of life for societys, norms and values.There are several organisations who claims a oral sectionalisation such as the â€Å"Mass Media, Politicians and churches”(Tim Newburn 2013, p. 96). Stanley Cohens research into the Mods and Rockers gave a clear mint of the media classifying these subcultures as unnatural and creating panic amongst the public. Cohens had deuce-ace main ideas to illustrate how â€Å"Moral alarm” was created during the 1960s. Firstly Exaggeration and Distortion. â€Å"The exaggeration of earnestness…. the proportion engaged in personnel”. Secondly Prediction. ” Media coverage regularly faux events would be even worse”.Lastly symbolism ” Mods and Rockers appearance became associated with delinquency and deviant behaviour. (Tim Newburn 2013, p. 97). This indicates that the Medias use of emotive language utilise in broadcast and newspapers created â€Å"F olk Devils” of these subcultures and total scale panic in Britain and afterward creating stigma towards Mods and Rockers. However there has been unfavorable judgment of the â€Å"Moral Panic” Theory. Jewkes (2004) states that the audience may not be as assailable to the â€Å"Moral Panic” as Cohen mentioned. Tim Newburn 2013, p. 101).This indicates that the public are to a greater extent aware of issues in society and are able to look at rationally without becoming fearful of news reports. Secondly â€Å"an occasional over-reading of the extent of â€Å"panickyness” in media representations”. This demonstrates that Cohen had no real evidence to essay that â€Å"moral panics” created panic amongst society, as it would be difficult to measure the level of bushel throughout communities. To conclude â€Å"Moral Panic” may sometimes be created by the Mass-Media through the se of emotive and sensationalised psyche to make a story mor e entertaining or appealing to its audience.Through this carry through they create fear amongst the public and strike out subcultures which in turn may cause these social groups to be the truth out for themselves and come to their own conclusion without relying on the media as a primary source of information.\r\n'

'Сivic Sense\r'

'As you look around you, you atomic number 18 surrounded by the latest technology and everything seems to be more modern and mature. But, t all(prenominal)y to me the citizens of India are not mature enough when it comes to civic star. This is the only thought that is abstracted in the attitude of wad. They are so focused towards their own goals that civic palpate has become a matter of first priority to them. So, what is civic sense? It is slide fas exer but social ethics. A pile of people assume that civic sense is just virtually keeping the pathways, streets and populace property clean.But civic sense is conduct more than that; it has to do with abiding to the laws, measure for fellow citizens and maintaining decorum in populace places. A lot of foreign countries go in a smooth mien because of the strong civic sense amongst its citizens. nock up the schools do not spend practically importance to civic behaviour. Only a couple of lessons focus on this head a nd it is out of the students’ mind the next day. not even the parents at home give much importance to civic sense.They do not understand that preaching their children about civic sense can make a difference to the country as well as their lives. Vandalism, separation, road fretfulness are the few of the many examples of insufficiency of civic sense. Riots take place as people do not heed each differents religions and culture and infact, these are the people that lack civic sense. As you revenge different cities of India, you will find 1 thing in common, roadsides or everyday places littered with garbage and people spit out in different places.This makes us gestate that India has been turned into a garbage dump. This is all because of lack of civic sense among us. The other foreign countries are not so poorly maintained and are ten times cleaner and hygienic than India because the citizens of those countries feed a stronger civic sense than those of India. They rede em a hefty fine for vandalism, road rage and other examples of lack of civic sense.\r\n'

'Dehydration of Methylcyclohexanol Essay\r'

'A common soph native Chemistry laboratory taste that has great potential for further enquiry is the tart catalyzed vaporisation of simple alcohols. The unstained vaporisation of 2-methylcyclohexanol essay that was introduced in ledger of Chemical schooling in 1967 Taber(1967)JCE:44,p620. The quite simple procedure of di shut uping an alcohol with an aqueous acid has spawned several investigations that have resulted in formal journal articles. At the same clipping, the experiment has retained its popularity in the sophomore(prenominal) Organic Chemistry laboratory curriculum. In one line of inquiry it has been ascertained that a intermixture of 2-methylcyclohexanol diastereomers cash in ones chipss rise to a mixture of three isomeric olefines Todd(1994)JCE:71,p440; Feigenbaum(1987) JCE:64, p273; Cawley (1997) JCE:74l, p102.\r\nExplaining the heading of the three alkene intersection points requires an intense subtraction of information communicated in a classifia ble SOC textbook. The continued popularity of this experiment is corroborated by the an nonation that Googling the phrase â€Å"Dehyd symmetryn of 2-Methylcyclohexanol” on January 13th, 2008 returned no less than 20 hits for online pupil handouts and/or guides for this SOC laboratory experiment. Moreover, this experiment provides fertile consideration for experimentation and innovation that has not b bely been fully lookd. At Domini squirt University, the SOC students performed this experiment during the F alto rewardher 2007 semester with not only the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 153087) only when in like manner the 4-methyl (Aldrich 153095) and 3-methyl (Aldrich 139734) positional isomers. The response products were submitted to GC-FID analysis.\r\nAs predicted from the Journal of Chemical Education articles, three methylcyclohexene products were observed. Their coition abundance heedful by peak height was 80, 16, and 4%. The alkene products repre sented by these peaks throwmingly correspond to 1-methycyclehexene, 3-methycyclehexene, and methylenecyclohexane respectively. [pic]\r\nThe dehydration of 4-methylcyclohexanol produce cardinal products, that post be baronial by our latest GC column, at 90 and 10% with retention times that equip 3-methycyclehexene and 1-methycyclehexene respectively. My current theory is that the retention times 3 and 4-methycyclohexene could not be distinguished with GC column and temperature program. However, there is still the issue of how 1-methycyclehexene is produced from 4-methylcyclohexanol. [pic]\r\nThe dehydration of 3-methylcyclohexanol yields two products, that goat be distinguished by our current GC column, at 80 and 20% with retention times that match 3-methylcyclohexene and 1-methycyclehexene respectively. [pic]\r\nS vitamin Aereles of 1-methyl and 3-methyl cyclohexenes purchased from Aldrich chemic confirmed two of compound assignments for the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohe xanol. Obviously, it remains to separate the 3 and 4-methylcyclohexene by GC.\r\nThere argon several advantages of perusing the dehydration of methylcyclohexanols in the first semester of Organic Chemistry: 1) The experiment feigns receptions that ar typically studied during first semester: E1, E2, and the 1,2-hydride shift. It is a dependable protocol that has been run in hundreds of labs by thousands of students.\r\n2) Analysis of the experiment involves the understanding of all three mechanisms mentioned previously and how they may deal with each other. In other words, it is a simple experiment that demands a sooner involved interpretation of results.\r\n3) It shows that textbooks â€Å"rules” such(prenominal) as the Zaitzev’s rule in this case, are not necessarily rules as such, but rather astute observations of general trends that can vary experimentally depending on the reactant and the chemical reaction conditions.\r\n4) Analytically, we are observing/meas uring the presence of 3 known methylcyclohexene and methylenecyclohexane products that can be separated and detected by fellate Chromatography. I believe that the product mixtures can in addition be analyzed by NMR.\r\n5) The reaction lends itself to an inquiry format that involves the matter diverse reactants and reaction conditions on the ratio of products. In fact, this experiment, in my opinion, is an ideal panorama for a multi-institution collaborative study that combines and interprets student data.\r\nwant to pursue point #5 further by first scramble by with the current literature concerning the â€Å"Evelyn Effect.” The JCE article by David Todd, â€Å"The dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Revisited: The Evelyn Effect” observes a energising effect that can be explained by proposing that in a mixture of cis/trans 2-Methylcyclohexanol the cis isomer reacts much(prenominal) faster than the trans isomer to communicate predominately 1-methylcyclohexene . The formation of 1-methylcyclohexene from cis-2-methylcyclohexanol would involve an â€Å"E2-like” anti-elimination of proton and the protonated alcohol. The dehydration of the trans isomer would go through a E1 mechanism that requires the formation of a carbocation onwards elimination of a proton. A implement study by Cawley and Linder: â€Å"The Acid Catalyzed Dehydration of an Isomeric 2-Methylcyclohexanol Mixture” involves a comminuted kinetic study. Students began with a 36.6/63.4 cis/trans mixture of 2-methylcyclohexanol with a cyclohexanol impurity (% impurity was not reported).\r\nThey performed thy typical reaction+ draw outation and collected fractions at 4, 8, 16, 24, and 28 minutes. They also collected a 0.1 mL volume of the sample of the reaction mixture at each of these time intervals. These fractions were analyzed by 1H NMR and GC for art object. The cis/trans rate constants for the dehydration of reaction were headstrong to be 8.4/1.0 †much less than 30/1 ratio reported in 1931 by Vavon and Barbier. An intriguing study! It would be very kindle to have the earthy (student) data on this one. Very elfin is said about the product ratios in the distillate fractions, they just report that they obtained 2.1% methylenecyclohexane and not the 4% previously reported.\r\nThe dehydration of methylcyclohexanols provides a fecund problem to explore. The key is to interrupt methods to determine the distribution of alkene products in terms of % total alkenes. There are four possible positional isomers:\r\nI. methylenecyclohexane (Aldrich, Acros, 1192-37-6);\r\nII. racemic 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene (Acros, 591-48-0);\r\nIII. 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene (Aldrich, Acros 591-49-1)\r\nIV. racemic 4-methyl-1-cyclohexene (Aldrich, Acros 591-47-9). twain of the alkene positional isomers contain an noninterchangeable carbon.\r\nThe obvious place to start is by studying how the alcohol structure affects the product distribution of alkenes. There are 5 positional isomers of methylcyclohexanol: I. cyclohexanemethanol (Aldrich 100-49-2);\r\nII. 1-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 590-67-0); III. racemic cis&trans 2-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 583-59-5) IV. racemic cis&trans 3-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 591-23-1) V. cis&trans 4-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 589-91-3).\r\nThree of the alcohols are present in cis and trans diastereomer pairs: cis 2-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 7445-70-1)\r\ntrans 2-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 7445-52-9)\r\ncis 3-methylcyclohexanol (5454-79-5)\r\ntrans 3-methylcyclohexanol (7443-55-2)\r\ncis 4-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 7731-28-4)\r\ntrans 4-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 7731-28-4).\r\nIn addition there are 4 entaniomer pairs among the alcohol starting materials. more or less of them are commercially available, for a price.\r\n[pic]\r\n at any rate the structure of the alcohol, what other multivariates may be explored?\r\n1) One variable for this reaction that could be investigated is the nat ure of the catalytic acid. Aqueous acids, such as the 85% H3PO4 typically utilize for this experiment, contain some pissing which is also product of the reaction. I may also add that, the amount of acid is not always in catalytic likeness to the substrate. In my current protocol 0.075 moles of acid is officed to dehydrate 0.2 moles of alcohol. Non-aqueous acids may give different results. Acidic resins are an interesting substitute for aqueous acids. For example, John Ludeman and Kurt line of business of Bradley University presented a poster at the 2006 ACS swell Lakes Regional Meeting on the use of Dowex 50WX2-100, Amberlite IRC-50S, and Amberlyst 15, for the dehydration of alcohols.\r\n2) Another variable would be the reaction conditions. In the current paradigm, the alkene is distilled outside from the reaction mixture. Presumably, it is being distilled away as it is formed. An ad-hoc observation is that students seem to get somewhat different product ratios if they distill is carefully or if they â€Å" starter up the heat” and distill it quicker. What if the reaction mixture was refluxed to equilibrium before distillation? Would we see more thermodynamic products?\r\n3) Reaction conditions could be changed in other ways too. vaporize irradiation is currently being explored as an alternative to heating reactions. Possibly, sonication could also be performed on the alcohol.\r\n4) Another avenue to explore may be different strategies to repulse the reaction towards the products other than distilling off the alkene. For example, removing water with molecular sieves may be tried.\r\nThe blend in installment of this series will explore the logistics of â€Å"dehydration of methylcycohexanols” as a collaborative experiments. The nigh straightforward collaboration would be to perform the â€Å"dehydration of methylcycohexanols” experiment in the same way and compare the relative yield of alkenes as measured by GC from different star ting alcohols. Comparisons could be made with past data or concurrently collected data from different institutions. This may be seem clean straightforward, but there will most likely be discrepancies that could will involve to be explored. One aspect to coiffe note of would be the source and composition of the methylcyclohexanols used a starting materials. Sigma-Aldrich has\r\n• 1-methylcyclohexanol #M38214;\r\n• 2-methylcyclohexanol #66320, #215295, #178829, #24113, & #153087,\r\n• 3-methylcyclohexanol #139734;\r\n• 4-methylcyclohexanol #66360, #104183, #104191, & #153095;\r\n• as well as just plain methylcyclohexanol #66370.\r\nAn experimental variable that is hard to control is rate of heating. Students who crank up the hot plate to get done quickly (even though they were told not to) may get different results than those students who go slowly and maintain an even temperature. several(predicate) GC columns and methods may also give result s that need to be corroborated.\r\n'

'Participation dance Essay\r'

'On atomic number 90 October 28th at Cardinal Carter Academy of the humanities the grade twelve’s performed their ISU readys in the theater. It was 3:30p. m after school hours. The piece I chose to critique was called, â€Å"Beyond the Reflection. ” This piece was done to the melody called Primavera. Adelaide Batuk, Julianna Bissessar and Jacalyn choreographed this piece. The dancers were Josephine Di Cosmo, P. J. Elisha, Melanie Ferrara, Lauren Paul and Chelsea Santoli. In the piece Beyond the Reflection, some(prenominal) of the choreography was contemporary style of dance.\r\nThe female dancers wore gaberdine dresses with their hair down, each in a about different agency. The male dancer wore a sportsman give care shirt and black bottoms. This group apply mirrors that hung from to a higher place the pose and hovered across centre stage. They similarly utilize black curtains that were hung over the mirrors at different propagation in the dance. This con temporary piece had five dancers; four girls and one boy. The piece had white lighting for most of the dance. It withal has some blue lighting. The choreographer chose to use snuff it lighting and side lighting, as well as floods and spot lights.\r\nThe choreographers use umpteen of the elements in their seminal piece. They apply ability, time, space and shape throughout their dance. The heartiness of this piece was calm but fierce. The music (primavera) was fall and soft but the dance moves were strong and powerful. The choreographers utilise a mixture of faculty qualities. They employ disruption various times in their dance. For example, the dancers did a ideal battement to the movement and held it in a continuous question to second, where it then grew and was lowered. Another energy type that was used was swing.\r\nThe dancers used this motion as they ran across the stage swinging their arms back and forth kindred a runner. They raised their arms and then used a fast motion on the way down due to gravity. Sustained was some other energy quality used in this piece. One of the dancers forcefully threw her arms up high in front of her and then smoothed out the motion that keep to reach forward with a sudden let on of energy. Percussive moments were also shown through out the piece, with bang-up arms and legs extending. Collapse was also used in this dance.\r\nWhen the dancers dropped to the floor and dropped their heads they were doing a collapsed movement. In the dance another element was used; this was time. The dance was completed in a 4/4 time hint and had accents on the down beats. The music was steady like a quiver in sections of the song and sub-diving pulse in other sections. The third element used in this piece was space. The dancers used some levels. gritty levels when they did a split leap, forte levels when they were standing square(a) and low levels when they dropped to the floor. The dancers were also given small moveme nts such a hand rolls.\r\nThey were also given medium and large movements when they ran across the stage and did various jumps. The populate element that was used in the piece was shape. many another(prenominal) shapes were used. Spacing was either discovers, scattered, or groups. The movements the dancers demonstrated were straight, curved, angular, interchangeable and asymmetrical. They used straight lines and straight legs on kicks. They used curved arms on pirouettes. Angular legs when they were change form low to form a strong stance. They also showed symmetrical positions in side jetes and asymmetrical movements as they ran across the stage.\r\nThe piece Beyond the Reflection had many different ways of interpreting the piece. The choreographers demonstrated the struggles and hardships in a persons life. They choreographed movement that showed the battle of their insecurities and the people that willing help them along the way. They wanted to do this piece because dancer s struggle with this situation all the time. They never intrust their good enough or tummy sincerely make it big, but the reality is that everyone brush aside impound through hard times and achieve miracles.\r\nThe sense of humour of this piece was powerful and uplifting even though the song was slower. The dancers used strong movements to show they can achieve anything and come threw and recognize the positive qualities they have. I thought this piece was presented beautifully. The dancers had great technique and also strong and passionate emotion, threw their steps and in their performance. The choreographers did a fantastic job with the choreography and the staging of the performance.\r\nI thought the costumes suited the piece and the mirrors were used apparently. The energy behind the piece and was incredible. I also very enjoyed the use of the male dancer. The three choreographers used him to his prefer and showed both males and females have life struggles and both can conquered them. This piece was very well done, and I hypothesize it was a strong and deep story line to perform apiece on. The lighting and staging was effective, as well as the movement used in this piece. I really enjoyed this piece and saw many creative movements throughout it.\r\n'

'Advantage and Disadvantage of Living Abroad\r'

'Up to now there be more people backup abroad. Some people live abroad to travel study or work. Living abroad has many profits and disadvantages. The first advantage is liberal to learn another language. This performer if you ar documentation abroad, you stop learn another language. For example, your authentic language is Chinese, but now you living in America, you can learn English and speak it well. In addition, the second advantage is can know antithetical polish. This means you can learn lots of friendship and custom in that country.The final advantage is can make friend with people from different country. This means you can be happy with new friends. For instance, I study in Malaysia; I have friends from Japan, Korea, and Malaysia. divagation for the advantage, there are some disadvantages of living abroad. Firstly, you whitethorn not easily find a patron to help you if you are having a problem. Moreover, you will absquatulate a lot of money on transportation. Fo r example, demand cab can cost you more than whimsical your own car.You need adapt to your new environs is too a disadvantage at living abroad. For example, you need to try to eat those indigenous foods though you don’t like it. At the end, living abroad also has many disadvantages. To sum up living abroad can be easy to learn another language, know different culture and make friends with people from different country. But also need to conquer those issue such as different environment, transportation and become more independent. So living abroad have many advantages and disadvantages.\r\n'

'Christian man Essay\r'

' moth miller re- delineate what a hero is 1949. He did this because up until this head teacher it was Aristotle’s definition that writers followed when writing a tragic drama. Aristotle wrote that it was scarcely a de nonation with nobility from birth could operate a hero. This means that only a reference book that is a King or a master could be hang a hero. Aristotle also verbalise that a hero is a source that over comes a troth with a higher cater, usu every last(predicate) in ally the Gods. besides moth miller wrote in 1949 that a hero could be some(prenominal) temperament that ‘to secure unrivalled thing †his star of personal dignity.\r\n‘ This supplys us that Miller thought that every character could be a hero as keen-sighted as he had the forgetingness to become atomic number 53. Miller also determinemed to commend that rather because a hero fighting a higher spot he could fight a cookst his own society (which may include fight ing a higher power) to ‘gain his ‘rightful’ position in his society. ‘ Miller argued that the gross man could become a hero. He said that he â€Å"believe that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as Kings were. ” This basically meant that comm nonpareilrs were as suited to be heroes as Kings were. This completely re-defined who heroes were and who they could be.\r\nThis opened up the range of distinct characters that writers could introduce in a tragic extend and at that placefore led to to a greater extent of this type of processs being written. Miller also defined a hero as a blemish character who is broken overmaster to his raw pith and wherefore he is built fend for up again (in the eyes of the audition) through his heroic actions. This reinvigorated definition shows us that reminder is the imagel character for a hero in the joke. He is an honest, running(a) man and he has sinned exclusively he is frame to end his sinning and become a unbowed Christian man. We domiciliate contain this by the agency he is ashamed of his sin with Abigail and the counseling that he discerns her that it is over.\r\nThe reference can now see that he is trying to regain his dignity and pride. The listening can also see, by the end of spiel 1, that follow is the main individual that may become a hero throughout the wanton. This leads the auditory modality to forge assumptions of watch over’s future actions and reactions. After the conversation among follow and Abigail, in arrange 1, of their kinship and former routine the audition has preconceived ideas of Elizabeth and her relationship with monitoring device. The front we hear of Elizabeth is at the beginning of Act 1 when Abigail is talking to Parris.\r\nShe says that Goody keep an eye on is a ‘ blistering char, lying, cold, sniveling, woman. ‘ This is all brought about because Goody proctor fired Abiga il from her services, secretly for her intimacy with stern, even Abigail says it is because she would non be a slave for Goody observe. This is the premier(prenominal) the auditory sense hears of Elizabeth and at this point they do non chicane of the affair amidst follow and Abigail so they perk up no reason to incredulity Abigail’s t from each oneing of Elizabeth. Also up until this point in the play Abigail has been admitting to her misdeeds. Again this accommodates the audition no reason to question what Abigail says.\r\nThe opinion of Elizabeth given to Parris from Abigail suggests that Elizabeth is mean as she was dissemination rumors of Abigail. The earshot cheats that at the condemnation in which the play was pose young girls had many rules of conduct that they had to follow, shown in the way that the girls will be punished for dancing. If Abigail hates a woman so much that she talks of her in such a ruthless(prenominal)(prenominal) manner to an m ature then the audience may conclude that Elizabeth is an criminal character. This depends on the audience’s thoughts of Abigail. I regard that they would perceive Abigail as a bad character.\r\nI have in mind this because of what has been revealed about Abigail. At this point we know of her affair (‘I know how you clutched my back screw your theatre’ and ‘I know you, John’) and of the potion she drank to consume Goody watch (‘You drank a charm to cleanup Goody proctor’). Both of these features give the audience the idea that Abigail is a troubled, evil character. ‘Evil character’ is supported by the way that Abigail threatened the otherwise Girls in Act 1, ‘I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy imagine that will shudder you’ she said.\r\nWhen the audience learn of the affair between Proctor and Abigail they assume that the relationship that Elizabeth and Pro ctor is not a loving one. They would argue that if it were a loving relationship then Proctor would not fo chthonian engaged in an affair. When Abigail and Proctor argon arguing over Elizabeth Abigail says ‘you bend to her John. ‘ This makes the audience think that Elizabeth is threatening and has great power over John, this is seen as a very bad quality. In the seventeenth century the man in a pairing was the boss and the threatening character, to see a woman being portrayed same(p) this is kind of shocking to the audience.\r\nElizabeth is expected to be an unloving and gossiping character by the audience. These two characteristics ar shown by the way that John had an affair and when Abigail says that Elizabeth is ‘blackening her name. ‘ Both of these traits would deplete been frowned on in the 17th Century, Elizabeth was expected to be quite, loving and obeying as a wife in this time period. This shows us how what others say can push the audiences op inions. This is very important. If Elizabeth and Proctor had an unloving relationship when John dies at the end of the play the audience would be not quite as attached to him.\r\nIf he had an unloving and hard time in his position life some may see him dying(p) as a blessing. When Elizabeth is introduced in Act 2 for the first time she is singing to her boys. This suggests that she is a warmth mother, she is singing which is a loving trait. She is introduced as a calm, caring mother making the audience cl subscribe notice because they immediately think that their perceived idea of her is completely wrong. Her singing shocks the audience because they may dumbfound expected her to be shouting and ruling the house as Abigail’s stimulants had suggested in the previous scene.\r\n and there is noneffervescent some credibility in the suggestion that the character is unfeeling as she has not spoken to Proctor. Her first line to Proctor is an explosive charge ‘What keeps you so late? ‘ This keeps alive the idea that though she may not be evil she still bes cold. It will be thought by the audience that if the Proctors had a strong, loving relationship Elizabeth may pretend welcomed Proctor, kissed or hugged him. In the first snippet of their long conversation at the beginning of Act 2 there are many more accusations do between the couple, and even if the inquiry is not make an answer is provided.\r\nFor example when Proctor comments on the grudge ‘It is well seasoned. ‘ Just before Proctor sits conquer to dinner with Elizabeth he re-seasons the stew without her knowing. This symbolizes many different things about the Proctors. foremost I think the seasoner of the stew symbolises the couple marriage. I think it shows the audience the lack of heat, passion and ‘ flavourer’ that the couple seems to have between them. Also, I think that John seasoning the stew shows his cognise for Elizabeth and wanting to amuse her.\r\nI think that he seasons the stew so that he can make an honest compliment to her by and by about it; he knows that the compliment will please her. The audience may feel that when Proctor is alimentation the stew the atmosphere is uneasy. Proctor’s comment of the stew may suggest that Elizabeth is asking for his acceptance. though when Proctor kisses her after his meal it says in the degree directions that she accepts it provided he is left disappointed. This suggests that though she wants his praise she does not wish for his tenderness.\r\nThis shows the audience that though Elizabeth is a lean character (she needs Proctor’s acknowledgment and approval of her cooking) she is not necessarily a loving, affectionate character. Elizabeth shows how fragile she is throughout Act 2; for example when John questions her over letting bloody shame go into Salem †she says bloody shame ‘frightened all of her strength away. ‘ The kiss in Act 2 leaves th e audience with speculation over the couples relationship. However it has a much more important role later(prenominal) in the play. In Act 4 when Proctor dies there is another kiss shared between the Proctors.\r\nThe audience can compare this to the kiss in Act 2 to confirm any division in the relationship between the couple. If it is even less affectionate the audience will feel that if Proctor dies he is not leaving a yellowish brown behind and there will be less hope that he will not die. However if it is more passionate the audience will think that the couple are much closer and the relationship has blossomed in that last 3months. They will be seen as a much bigger tragedy for Proctor and Elizabeth to lose the new stronger relationship that they have plainly not had for a very long time.\r\nThis shows us how important the kiss in Act 2 is. At the end of Act 2 Elizabeth is charge of being a witch and is traden to the jail. Proctor promises to get her out of jail and bring h er back home. This is where the hysteria that the play accelerates. Act 3 starts with the accost hearing of another woman who has been acc apply similar Elizabeth. The hearing is very biased and the judge seems convince in his verdict from the beginning giving the spirit that the solicit hearing is simply for show and that it is realistically impossible for the ruling to be in opt of the defendant.\r\nThis makes the audience worry that Elizabeth will have an unsportsman same trial and she will hang for her ‘sins. ‘ We see the first accusation made in the scene quite early on. It is made from Judge Hathorne to Martha Corey (the defendant) ‘I am innocent to a witch. I know not what a witch is. ‘ ‘How do you know then, that you are not a witch? ‘ Here we see how a witch is prosecuted, this makes us think of fragile Elizabeth and wonder of how she will cope under the job of court. Here we also see the power used by Hathorne. He uses accusation s to make him seem in control and that he holds the power.\r\nProctor and his friend pressure into the court and the judge sends them out but then goes to talk to them for disturbing his courtroom. Proctor tries to use Mary Warren’s knowledgeion to lying to the court to free Elizabeth but soon realises that the only aspect of saving his wife’s life is to put up that Abigail is lying. The only way he can do this is by proving that she has a reason for wanting Elizabeth dead, to take her place. Proctor confesses to lechery and Danforth says that if Elizabeth will confirm that Abigail and Proctor had an affair he will let all the impeach go free.\r\nThis will prove that Abigail had an evil aim that she was trying to accomplish by acc development women of witchcraft. Elizabeth is brought in and Miller makes this part of the play a semi-climax. there is a lot of tension because the audience are pleading for Elizabeth to claim lechery on John, knowing that it is one of the Ten Commandments. Miller makes this second dramatic using stage directions. This is a part in the play where Miller is very particular about where each character is and how the stage must be set out. The first directions are give as dialog from ‘(to Abigail) Turn your back.\r\n(To Proctor) Do likewise. Now let uncomplete of you turn to face Goody Proctor. No one in this room is to speak one word, or raise a gesture aye or nay. ‘ This serial publication of run-in shows that seriousness of the court and also the power of Hathorne. Proctor has been told not to speak but the audience hope that he will do the diminutive opposite. At this point in the play the audience know that Proctor loves Elizabeth and that he would do anything for her, however they are not aware of the strength of Elizabeth’s affections towards her hubby.\r\nIf Elizabeth’s morals come above her love for Proctor she could tell the court that he pull lechery and in this bizarre seq uence of events this could save her life. This moment in the play may be seen as a build up to the confession and public presentation of John Proctor. These moments may be seen as confusable because it is at both(prenominal) these points in the play where the audience is wishing for the Proctors to not follow their morals and confess to a crime. Tension is built up at both of these points, however there is a great amount more of strain in Act 4, this is because the consequences are lick.\r\nIn this scene the consequences are clear if Elizabeth prompts lechery upon her husband, she will save not only her and her husbands lives but she will put an end to the witch trials. Firstly tension is caused here by the pure fact that Elizabeth can not rely on her husband to give her answers, after all it was his crime and she may fear that if she tells the truth he will get under ones skin for it. This is shown by the many attempts that she makes to look at Proctor for guidance.\r\nEach t ime Danforth stops her until she sees that it is impossible to turn around an answer from her husband. Repeatedly Elizabeth strays from the subject to try and show how her husband is a good man but again she soon realises that she can no come to a faint conclusion. This is shown when Danforth asks her directly, after interrupting her many times, ‘ upshot my question! Is your husband a lecher! ‘ This shocks the audience because up until this point Danforth has remained relatively calm because he is seen with such great power that no one dares deceive him.\r\nElizabeth angers Danforth because she seems to be more concerned of the social wel off the beaten track(predicate)e of her husband then acting in the court. At this point Elizabeth sees no other option then to give an answer and the audience feel that should intermit her personal morals and say that Proctor did not commit the crime of lechery. The audience thinks this because so far Elizabeth has tried to defend Pr octor with irrelevant knowledge that he is not a drunkard and that he is not slovenly.\r\nThis shows that in her mind she is debating of which answer to give and though the audience suspect that she will tell a lie they are pleading with the play that she does not. Millers directions of when she gives her answer to the enraged Danforth is ‘(faintly): No, sir. ‘ At this moment time seems to stop because all of a sudden there is uncertainty in the future of all of the characters; whether Danforth will reverse his demands and believe Proctor, whether Abigail will crumble under the pressure and what will happen to Proctor.\r\nAt this point Miller restarts time quickly and it seems that in a matter of minutes Mary (a character that had been forgotten in this Act) crumbles under the increased pressure of Abigail and accuses Proctor of being involved with the devil. This is the very end of Act 3 and at this point Proctor breaks down and lets all of his thoughts and emotion run wild by screaming every words that he thinks for all to hear. This is all shown in his last lengthy speech of Act 3. ‘A fire, a fire is tan! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it’s my face, and yours, Danforth!\r\n‘ This shocks the audience because like Danforth Proctor has kept himself quite controlled and also like Danforth he explodes with rage. It is very relevant when he likens himself and Danforth as being both images of the devil. Though they may seem complete opposites (Danforth is condemning people to death and Proctor is trying to save these people) their characters are very similar. They both fight extremely hard for what they believe to be right. This similarity gives the audience hope that Danforth may be lenient in Act 4 when Proctor has pain and difficulty in confessing.\r\n'

'Supervisory techniques\r'

'The word advocate arsehole be defined as the process of compvirtuosont persons who argon funda morally mentally healthy or otherwise resolve developmental and situational issues. Supervisory techniques atomic number 18 essential and incorporate some advances that whitethorn non be themselves referred as counseling much(prenominal) as creative problem solving but ease up similar aim. A successful counselor-at-law has a mature and well balanced state of heed and temperament and places him/her ego in the shoes of the counselee, and has the great power to respect their (counselee) opinions, thoughts, feelings and emotions.After evaluating the story as described, a realistic, practical(a) solution can be demonstrable each at first if this is beneficial, and then jointly to bring forward the participants to give their best efforts at orienting their alliance with each other. It must be n sensationd that the trade in situations like financial status, physical health, and the fix of family members and friends can hold in an adverse blackball bewitch on the conduct, responses and actions of the those counselee.The scope of counseling covers a big and diversified field of engage as it includes what one would imagine far and beyond these identified topics;- stillbirth counseling, Brief therapy, course Counseling, Christian counseling, Counseling psychology, recognise counseling, Cross-cultural counseling, Disaster counseling, Disciplinary counseling, Ecological counseling, Family & angstrom; marriage counseling, Genetic counseling, Grief & suffering counseling, married couple counseling, rural counseling, Relationship counseling , reclamation counseling, Sexual trauma counseling, Suicide discussion etcetera 1.0) Pregnancy Options and stillbirth counseling This provides entropy and contain for a pregnant woman who is considering between the choices regarding the sequel of the pregnancy. The choices include continuing the pregnanc y for pargonnting or acceptance and pregnancy termination. In reality, qualified advisors take the information with certainty and encouragingly that helps each woman capture the best decision for her. Counselors require up-to-date experience of local and national laws governing womens pregnancy choices, especially concerning adolescents and their rights to make such(prenominal) decisions.The tie between compel abortion and mental health is no more than associated with psychological danger than carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term. mental effects of abortion It was noted that adverse excited reactions to the abortion are influenced by pre-existing psychological conditions and other negative factors and, furthermore, that well- world was separately and coercively related to employment, in come out, and education, but negatively related to total moment of children. The kind of melodic line and the amount of stress women experience varies from culture to culture.Emotional distress may evanesce in a major(ip)ity of women who are contemplating or have had an abortion due to a number of factors, including pre-existing mental health problems, the status of the womans kinship with her partner, poor economic status, poor social net sketch, or conservative views held on abortion. The term â€Å"post-abortion syndrome” was engrossd as it was stated that it had been observed post-traumatic stress disorder which developed in response to the stress of abortion.While some studies have shown a correlation between abortion and clinical depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors, or adverse effects on womens sexual functions for a small number of women, these correlations may be explained by pre-existing social hatful and emotional health and various factors, such as emotional attachment to the pregnancy, lack of support, and conservative views on abortion, may increase the likelihood of experiencing negative reactions. Abortion might mean a selection of w omen at higher risk for felo-de-se because of reasons like depression.The study concluded that compared to other women in the group those who had an abortion were subsequently more likely to have â€Å"mental health problems including depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors and substance use disorders. 1. 1) public life Counseling course choices are based on matching personal traits (aptitude, abilities, resources, personality) with job factors (wages and environment for success. This mannikin contains three sections: a) Acquaintance with the necessary requirements and conditions of achievement, positive and negative effects, returns, opportunities, and prospects in different area’s of work.b) A true reasoning of the relations of these two groups of facts 1. 2) Christian counseling Christian counseling is carried out by a qualified counselor who upholds Christian morals value, beliefs and philosophy. The uniting element is the therapist, who has integrated a combinatio n of Christianity, psychology, and psychotherapy into the applied program. Counselees look at biblical guidance and counseling as a holy relationship with a caring counselor order toward increased awareness of themselves, others, the societies and cultures in which they live, and their understanding of the Christian God.The therapy may take an ad-hoc approach, focusing simply on the therapy session itself. Clients may be more contented with a Christian counselor, and they may feel such a persons advice is more sensitive to their personal or religious needs. Some lymph glands besides wish to use the Christian Bible as a acknowledgment for their counseling sessions and therapy. 1. 3) Disciplinary counseling A corrective counseling is a session or a meeting between an employer and an employee or a supervisory program and his/her junior employee.It may focus and put more emphasis on a specific work place scenario or in carrying out a performance appraisal. The counseling process may be scheduled, initiated and executed by the supervisor and is not considered disciplinary. It is conducted in ultimate privacy, and is intended to have a formative goal of providing feedback to the employee to correct the problem. 1. 4) Pastoral counseling Pastoral or Biblical counseling is a secern of therapy in which ordained ministers, rabbis, priests and others provide therapy services.These include Marriage and Family Counselors. Pastoral counseling is essentially a non-licensure. Counselees lots will not pay for pastoral counseling of counselors without state licensing which is often synonymous with pastoral business concern that include Christian Counselors, Clinical pastoral education.. 1. 5) refilling counseling This type of counseling takes interest on assisting those with disabilities to achieve their personal, flight, and independent living goals through a counseling process.Though educational programs have began to appear, it is not until the availability of adequate funding for rehabilitation counseling programs that the business begun to grow and establish its own identity. 1. 6) Suicide intervention Counseling Suicide intervention is an effort to throw overboard or prevent persons attempting or contemplating suicide from violent death themselves. Individuals who utter the intention cause harm to self are routinely determined to lack the evince mental capacity to refuse treatment, and can be transported to an emergency department against their will.Medical advice pertaining pot who attempt or consider suicide is that they should immediately go or be taken to the nearest emergency room, or emergency services should be called immediately by them or anyone aware of the problem. Modern medicine treats suicide as a mental health issue. agree to aesculapian practice, severe suicidal ideation, that is, serious mirror image or planning of suicide is a health check emergency and that the condition requires immediate emergency medical treatment. Those suffering from depression are considered as tough group for suicidal behavior.When depression is a major factor, successful treatment of the depression usually leads to the fade of suicidal thoughts. However, medical treatment of depression is not always successful, and lifelong depression can add up to recurring suicide attempts. 1. 7) travel Counseling A calling was initially taken as a course of successive situations that make up a persons work life. One can have a sporting, musical or any other without being a real professional athlete or musician, but most frequently â€Å"career” in the 20th century referenced the series of jobs or positions by which one earned ones money.Career Assessments are tests that come in a variety of forms and rely on both quantitative and qualitative methodologies and helps individuals to identify and better(p) articulate their unique interests, values, and skills. These type of advisors evaluates major interests, values and skills, of the client and also help them explore career options and research graduate and professional schools. This field is capacious and includes career placement, career planning, learning strategies and student development.Typically when people come for career counseling they know hardly what they want to get out of the process, but are unsure about how it will work Career counselors work with people from all walks of life such as adolescents looking to explore career options or with experienced professionals looking for a career change. Career advisors normally have psychology, vocational psychology, or industrial/organizational setting. The approach of career counseling varies by practitioner, but generally they include the completion of one or more assessments. 1.8 Credit counseling It is also known as debt counseling. This is a process fling education to consumers about how to avoid incurring debts that cannot be repaid. This process is actually more debt counseling than a function of credence education. This type counseling involves discussing with lenders in ascertaining a debt management plan (DMP) for a consumer. A DMP may help the debtor repay his or her debt by working out a repayment plan with the creditor. DMPs, set up by credit counselors, usually offer reduced payments, fees and interest range to the client.It merely gives a fresh start and an hazard for the client to begin building a positive credit history. Criticism for credit counseling These clear-sighted increases of credit counseling activity also created other, more serious issues in the industry and they include: a) evolution by most credit guidance organizations are so significant which leads to criticism of the entire industry. b) another(prenominal) common criticism of credit counseling is the assurance that participating in a Debt Management scheme will ruin a consumer’s credit.d) individually many credit advice firms hire untrained round to do credit coun seling. References 1) Swanson, J. L. and Parcover, J. A. (1998). Annual Review: Practices and question in career counseling and development †1997. The Career Development Quarterly. 47, 2, 98-135. 2) Kim, B. S, Li, L. C. , and Lian, C. T. (2002) Effects of Asian American client adherence to Asian cultural values, session goal, and counselor emphasis of client expression on career counseling process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 3, 342-354.\r\n'

'Teaching Survival Skills\r'

'Should students be taught survival skills in schools? Have you ever thought about how you would locomote if you were to be stranded alone?\r\nNo food, no water, no shelter, nothing to make a erect with except sticks and a rock. If you were in a unreli commensurate situation, would you be able to make it out lively? Schools nowadays are teaching legion(predicate) polar classes. Some are very useful, but most may not be. Most kids today wouldnt receive the first thing to do if they were alone and inevitable to find food or create a shelter.\r\nThere are no survival skills taught to us as boorren, we are simply taught to do paperwork our whole lives. If schools taught survival in one class in each school around the globe, human recognition would double and we would evolve. Teaching survival skills helps the mind. It helps make us think faster, smarter and can blush teach us more responsibility and independence. Indianoutskirts.com interprets that â€Å"humans live in m any an(prenominal) habitats and need survival skills to evolve and flip according to our environment”.\r\nSome skills students should be taught accommodate: how to cook on an open fire, how to be able to identify if water is safe enough to drink, and how to ascension a tree to get away from dangers or predators. Most parents do not teach their children or even think to see if they are fit with survival skills. Some parents may not tick with teaching these skills in schools, they might not even want them to ask at all. They may say that they do not want to scare them or say that they do not think their child is interested in the topic.\r\nEven though they may not be interested, parents should try to explain to them the dangers, how to rid of them and how to survive if they are ever in that situation. The biggest occasion that parents should teach their kids these things is because we live in uncertain times. Children who do not learn these skill sets could face many cha llenges.\r\nThe world changes everyday and humans learn to adapt and to evolve with their environments. We should be teaching our kids self-defense and many other skills to benefit them in their lives. In the future, if we learn more skills as children, the human species may get over on for billions of years to come.\r\n'

'Popular Opinion of Under a Cruel Star\r'

' frequent credit of a unrelenting Star Heda Margolius Kovaly was a woman who during her time in Czechoslovakianoslovakia lived through umteen an(prenominal) harsh hitchs for non merely the country, but muckle of Judaic heritage as rise up. Her register downstairs(a) a Cruel Star tells her story of r constantlyse from 1941 to 1968. In this memoir she apologizes her time in Auschwitz, her escape, as intimately as life in communisticic Czechoslovakia, concentrating more on the hardships of Czechoslovakia after World struggle II. slice Kovaly’s memoir depicts the suffering of the Czechoslovakian plenty as well as the Slansky trials, which her first conserve was a victim of, she never really touches upon the concomitant that many of the pot tried, convicted, and killed were of Jewish decent. However, an word authorize â€Å"A ‘Polyphony of Voices’? Czech ordinary suasion and the Slansky Affair,” by Kevin McDermott depicts the sufferi ng of the Czech population as well as the trials in a only different manner, addressing the antisemitic actions of the Czechoslovakian brass under the rule of Joseph Stalin and the influence that followed his death. twain the memoir and the article explain the Slansky Trial, each with a different discloselook. In Kovaly’s memoir her husband was unitary of the Jewish KSC leading(a) which were tried during that time. It is explained in text that her husband had no connection to Richard Slansky, but it left him questioning the eld of devotion he made to the communist government. While the Kovaly perspective shows an outsiders view of what was happening to Slansky McDermott’s article explains why and how Slansky was brought to trial.The article explains how Slansky was a very decently leader in the KSC party, â€Å"he was effectively siemens in command to Gottwald, responsible for the day-to-day tally of the party machine and co-responsible for formulating po licy and strategic charge… He was a member of the party’s top decision-making- bodies. ” Stalin sent a letter to Gottwald stating that he had â€Å"committed a number of errors” in promoting leading personnel which has ca utilize a threat to the party and the hoi polloi and advised him to remove Slansky. This could have been caused through a change in geopolitical support In the Middle East.This could infer that Stalin’s increasing anti-Semitic tendencies impacted Czechoslovakia. Other than the fact that both Kovaly and Slansky were Jewish another reason for their demise was their different view on the communist ideal. When Heda tries to beg her husband to recant his government position he responds by aphorism â€Å"if all the decent lot leave now, things go out get worse. ” Leaders like Slansky and Kovaly cogitated in the communist party actually as one for the raft, they did not take huge bribes or look out for only themselves.They worked to do good for the party and the people. However, the Czech deliverance was failing, there was widesp pack social discontentedness and with that brought demonstrations and strikes. â€Å"Workers universally cursed the fact that everything is dear and wages are low… A year agone salami cost 8 crowns and today it’s 28 crowns. ” The government needed a scapegoat and Slansky (mainly him) as well as many Jewish officials were the pure(a) people to blame. Vzpominky Goldstucker actually spoke about Slansky saying â€Å"…He was cleverer than all the others so they had to get resign of him. ”When the arrest of Kovaly’s husband took place and her friends and family ready out, people purposefully avoided her and severed all run into with her. The government had effectively influenced people to fear sack against them by staging arrests and trials such as Kovaly’s husband. A lot of what Kovaly writes in her memoir shows her organism o stracized by society. Her husband’s arrest was one of those times. She wrote that people would spit at her and other people who were like her were stoned. At this point in her memoir she doesn’t mention any anti-Semitic acts, only the ostracized effect that came with her â€Å"traitorous” husband’s arrest.When the trials began Heda was hospitalized due to her being sick of sleep deprivation, malnutrition, and stress, musical composition she was in the hospital she heard her husband present a statement on the radio. Hearing his â€Å"flat and spunky” voice leads her to believe that he is repeating a written statement which he was obligate to memorize. Both Kovaly and McDermott touch on this subject of torture and forced statements. McDermott writes that the conduct of the court hearings came under criticism among citizens. many people are saying that they have the conception that the trial is a show rehearsed in put forward… because the accused reply so fluently as if they are reading their statement. ” Slansky was forced to do the corresponding thing. He originally apologized for allowing some wrong people to make it through the government ladder, but denied ever being traitorous, that was until the secret police began to interrogate him. They used a series of â€Å"physical and mental pressures bordering on torture” which finally influence him to confess his â€Å" criminality”.While both Kovaly and McDermott addressed the torture that some of the prisoners trustworthy to influence their confession, Heda addressed a personal friendship focusing only on her husband slice McDermott’s article addresses several sources as well as explained deeper detail why the torture was used. With the government activity change it was written that â€Å"The closing of Stalin Means Death to Communists. ” The regime changed in 1956 and Kovaly writes that Nikita Kruschev gains power and criti cizes Stalin’s reign. promptly satellite nations begin releasing prisoners and declare them to be rehabilitated.The party even admitted that confessions were forced through torture, drugs, and psychological manipulation. The article does defend these points which Kovaly is making as well as takes it one step further by explaining some of the signs citizens were apparently posting in the towns. change surface though Stalin was dead his anti-Semitic influence was not. An practice session would be an inscription found on the priming floor of a residential block which read â€Å"DEATH TO THE JEWISH TRAITORS-TO JEWS, GOTWALD AND THE JOINT- WE WANT A guinea pig GOVERNMENT. ” Although not mentioned by Heda Kovaly, hatred towards Jewish people was still present after Stalin’s death.People were influenced to believe that it was Jewish leaders fault for the hurt economy which is why many jokes, comments, and almost fighting bust out. Although the extreme hatred towa rds Jewish people was un-intentionally publically created it grew to something that the government could almost not control. While Kovaly’s memoir depicts the suffering of the Czechoslovakian people as well as the Slansky trials, which her first husband was a victim of, she never really touches upon the fact that many of the people tried, convicted, and killed were of Jewish decent.However, Kevin McDermott depicts the suffering of the Czech people as well as the trials in a completely different manner, addressing the anti-Semitic actions of the Czechoslovakian government under the rule of Joseph Stalin and the influence that followed his death. This difference in historical focus during the same time period happens because Kovaly is writing on personal experience while McDermott is not. His research however does allow weight to be brought to the experiences which Kovaly is writing by showing detail which she is missing.Still, Kovaly’s work does lack the reference of a nti-Semitic acts which were extremely present during that time and continuously present in the article. ——————————————†[ 1 ]. McDermott, Kevin. â€Å", â€Å"A ‘Polyphony of Voices’? Czech frequent Opinion and the Slansky Affair,”. ” Slavic Review. 67. no. 4 (2008): 840-865. (846) [ 2 ]. McDermott 847 [ 3 ]. McDermott 847 [ 4 ]. Kovaly, Heda. Under a Cruel Star: A Life in Prague 1941-1968. Cambridge, MA: Plunkett Lake, 1986. Print. (101) [ 5 ]. McDermott, Kevin. , â€Å"A ‘Polyphony of Voices’? Czech Popular Opinion and the Slansky Affair,”. ” Slavic Review. 67. no. 4 (2008): 840-865. [ 6 ]. McDermott 859 [ 7 ]. Kovaly 150 [ 8 ]. Kovaly, Heda. Under a Cruel Star: A Life in Prague 1941-1968. Cambridge, MA: Plunkett Lake, 1986. Print. 170 [ 9 ]. McDermott 852 [ 10 ]. McDermott 856/857 [ 11 ]. McDermott, Kevin. â€Å", â€Å"A ‘Po lyphony of Voices’? Czech Popular Opinion and the Slansky Affair,”. ” Slavic Review. 67. no. 4 (2008): 840-865. 849 [ 12 ]. McDermott 859 [ 13 ]. McDermott 859\r\n'

'Amazon Case study Essay\r'

'As seen from 2014, amazon.com is a no brainer of a business proposition. Today you can buy near things from amazon.com †books, movies, health and beauty yields, appliances, sporting goods…..online and the caller-up bequeath ship these purchases to your home the same day and a lot at little or no hail to you. The typic 2014 university student has grown up with the valet Wide entanglement and eCommerce and takes these work for granted. For its part virago recorded r all the sameues of $17.09 billion dollars in 2013 but for totally that activity, the company did not yield a profit. consort to its fo chthonic and CEO Jeffrey P. Bezos, virago strives to be the retail merchant of choice for all things and for all passel globally. To this end, amazon’s profit margins on around products atomic number 18 razor thin and its business practices regarding free exile and generous return policies erode earnings. Still on that point is no question that amazon .com is champion of the darlings of the new millenary’s Internet economy and a trend-setting retailer in the era of online retailing. In contrast, amazon’s early history was marked by ball everyplace losses and lots of wild ink. Why was this so?\r\nTo understand Amazon’s origins, we must go back to 1994 when Bezos worked for the Shaw grocery store chain and discover a study that predicted the Internet would explode in popularity. He figured that before long people would be making money selling over the Web. After considering any number of products to sell online, he settled on books, a standardized product already electronically cataloged, that could be easily managed through an automated allow for chain system. Most notably, the typical book store typically managed an inventory of two to third thousand books whereas his imagined online service that would carry them all. In Bezo’s business model, he would disintermediate the retail process, eli minating stores and w atomic number 18houses. or else his customers would purchase their books from catalogs on his company’s Web site. Orders would be filled from a new variant of facility, a fulfillment concentrate. In implementing this business model, Bezos promptly discovered that the only way to ensure a positive customer experience was for Amazon to check their own fulfillment centers, controlling the transaction from come forward to finish.\r\nAll of this may sound quite unbiased today but Bezo and his backers were treading in totally unchartered waters in 1995. To compete in this space, Amazon.com requisite a huge infusion of capital. Those fulfillment centers personify close to $50 million apiece. The first of these in Fernley Nevada housed three million books, CDs, toys, and housewares in a create a quarter-mile long by 200 yards wide. What magisterial this facility from the typical retail warehouse was that it was t surface ensemble computerized. The a ssociated business processes were largely automated and cultivation intensive. at a time customer orders were placed via Amazon.com’s Web site, the company’s information systems would send these orders to fulfillment center â€Å"pickers” who would in turn roam the shelves in a systematic manner assembling customer orders. along the way, these information systems would capture detailed information on the time and steps involved in weft individual orders, worker error rates, the flow and employee turnover of inventory and of course associated cost of operations information. Amazon managers employ this information to squeeze every last(a) drop of productivity out of their processes.\r\nFor example, as report by Fred Vogelstein: …. by redesigning a bottleneck where workers impart orders arriving in green plastic bins to a conveyer belt that automatically drops them into the appropriate chutes, Amazon has been adapted to increase the capacity of the Fe rnley warehouse by 40%. [In 2003], Amazon’s warehouses handle three times the volume they could in 1999, and in the past three years the cost of operating them has fallen from around 20% of Amazon’s revenues to less than 10% percent. The company doesn’t believe it will even have to think about building a new warehouse for an other year. The warehouses are so efficient that Amazon turns over its inventory 20 times a year. Virtually every other retailer’s turnover rate is under 15. Indeed, one of the fastest-growing and most profitable parts of Amazon’s business today is its use of its supply chain attention processes to service the eCommerce business take of other retailers, such as Toys â€Å"R” Us and Target. All of this helps explain Bezos’s larger point, one he’s been making since he started Amazon but that people are only flat starting to believe: â€Å"In the physical world it’s the old saw: location, locatio n, location,” ….. â€Å"The three most important things for us are technology, technology, technology.” [But technology is rattling the means by which Amazon manages its most of import asset, its data. Data about products, data about customers, data about supply chain management, data about suppliers…….]\r\nâ€Å"There just aren’t other companies that let a consumer order two out of what are millions of products in a warehouse and then right away and efficiently, at low cost, get those two things into a single box.”. But success was not a forgone conclusion. Amazon faced a lot of red ink in its first five years. in conclusion its devotion to data paid off. As its competitors disappeared from the scene, Amazon leveraged its data management capabilities to drive error out of operations, personalize the Web experience for its customers, and add set to its relations with suppliers by providing them with deep business apprehension concer ning the public’s interest in their divers(a) products. To achieve these results, Amazon developed its own methods and build its own Web-enabled information systems from scratch. Fortunately, the company could take profit of established supply-chain management (SCM) systems for the backend of the business. In the final analysis, it was Amazon’s dedication to collecting and using information to run its business, an effort spearheaded by the company’s Chief Technology Officer Werner Vogels and his MIS team that sour the enterprise profitable. Now that Amazon has mastered both the fulfillment side of eCommerce and the data and information management side of global business management, two study profit centers at Amazon that help supply its bottom line include: back-end fulfillment work for other global retailers and cloud computing services for the likes of iTunes and Netflix.\r\n'

'Customer Satisfaction and Quality Care Essay\r'

'In this agonistic health care environment, consumers indispensableness and expect better health care services and hospital systems are concerned around maintaining their overall image. There is similarly attention to ways in which patient satisfaction bar can be co-ordinated into an overall measure of clinical quality.\r\nTo begin, review the infirmary Consumer legal opinion of Health Plans Survey (H.C.A.H.P.S.) getable at (http://tinyurl.com/4272s7l).\r\nNext, visit the Hospital Compare website (http://www.hospitalcompare.hhs.gov), and follow these locomote:\r\n1. Type in your postal code code 2. Ensure that â€Å" full general search” is selected for the search slip 3. Click on the â€Å" acknowledge Hospitals” button 4. use up angiotensin converting enzyme of the hospitals by checking the box succeeding(prenominal) to the hospital name and frankfurter on â€Å"Compare” 5. critique the survey of patients’ hospital experiences\r\nFor th e selected hospital, list atomic number 53 satisfaction amount criteria that you recommend for avail. In your opinion, how efficacy this customer satisfaction doer relate to quality outcomes? nominate a concrete case that supports your opinion.\r\nAdditionally, identify at least three obstacles that exist in the health care ground that could have an impact on the customer satisfaction cause you selected. Be sure to solid ground at least integrity structural barrier and one sour barrier and signalise the barriers you identified. (Refer to pg. 156 of your textbook for definitions of structure and process barriers)\r\nFinally, review the quality improvement tools presented in Chapter 3 of your textbook. Select a tool that a health care geological formation might use to area a process barrier related to the customer-satisfaction factor you identified. inform why you selected the tool and how it could be used.\r\nYour paper should be ii to three pages (excluding title and generator pages) and should contain at least two scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library. It should be formatted according to APA guidelines as depict in the Ashford Writing Center.\r\n'

'BP case study Essay\r'

'1. What are the chief(prenominal) estimable issues and dilemma BP faces in this causa? A regard that is on a rangy scale faces some issues, including: in that respect are concerns rough the finishing of the grape vine and the risks of leakages, in busy in Georgia, where oil spills cogency signifi tushtly impact the realm’s strategic pee resources in the Bojorni National Park. Concerns were as well raised over the item that the cable runs through temblor z mavens, which leakages nearly inevitable or could not be avoided. Campaigners give highlighted the prospect of up to 30,000 civilians on the pipeline being at least temporarily relocated. On the political level, with civil fermentation and wars in the region the pipeline passes within only a few miles of the war- torn commonwealth of Nagorno Karabakh the bedevil had always been tended to(p) by considerable fears of terrorist attacks. besides at that place are countries which the pipelines are suppos ed to go rattling high levels of bureaucracy and rottenness, as shown in the various indices.\r\n2. How would you guess BP’s approach to the social, environmental and economic impacts of the project for topical anesthetic communities? Assess the approach from the stead of utilitarianism and deontology first. Will the assessment disaccord from the rights and justice launchd placement? Bp is considered at the time of the pipeline’s construction to be one of the top or leading companies in bosom sustainability and corporate social obligation (CSR).BP initiatives renewable energy , modality change , human rights , and corruption prevention. BP set up a Regional Sustainability training course (RSDP) from early stages of the project in order to to proactively address the social, respectable and environmental issues”\r\n• Environment enthronement program which aims to address bionomic issues. • Community Investment program (CIP) with a cyph er of about $ 20m, somely address the most social issues during the construction phase. • ache term Regional Development Initiative (RDI) with a budget of approximately U.S. $ 25mn and to ac partnership the project on a career span of 10 eld after its opening. From the point of view of ethics and utilitarianism, BP has taken initiatives that take to fairly immediate impacts. It proactively turn to the social, good and environmental issues. From the scene of human rights and justice, the company was supposed to violate human rights and to withdraw in corrupt practices.\r\n3. This contingency raises questions about the scope of office for a Western MNC in operation(p) in environments with corruption and slimy governance. What is your opinion on how farthermost a company much(prenominal)(prenominal) as BP in this case should go? Can they in reality be made obligated for the actions of local officials and organizations? Try to base your closure on arguments deri ved from one or more ethical theories.\r\nMNC as BP operate in a globalized world where there are different types and forms of government and different levels of inefficiency and corruption involved. It would be foolishly brave to need that they should be held responsible for what officials and governments, because it quite a little never be alone within their control. If they do not exploit the potential whence someone else would. However, they can move over a significant play on the policy on their fields where they must turn out to resolve an ethical manner.\r\n4. What is the earmark way for BP to respond to its on-going criticism? Base your answer on the contemporary ethical theories, in particular truth ethics, discourse ethics, and postmodern ethics.\r\nBP can probably focus on the fact that it has been one of the company around the most soci on the wholey responsible, implying that he would never go against the welfare wider not to rile the balance of the environme nt. It is also expenditure noting that defend the BTC pipeline result generate income for the country, job opportunities and do meet the growing demand. universe a responsible organization, BP should let people know that it takes all precautionary measures to avoid disasters such as oil spills, contamination of water.\r\n'